CaAl类水滑石的磷酸根吸附性能及其影响因素研究

doi:10.6023/A15070485

摘要/Abstract

本研究采用共沉淀法成功制备了CaAl类水滑石(CaAl-LDH), 并运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重/差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)技术对CaAl-LDH的形貌及热稳定性进行了表征. 利用合成含磷溶液及真实含磷污水, 探究了CaAl-LDH对磷酸根的吸附性能及其主要影响因素. 结果表明: 制备的CaAl-LDH具备类水滑石的典型六边形层片状结构以及较好的热稳定性. CaAl-LDH吸附磷酸根的规律符合Langmuir吸附等温方程, 理论最大吸附容量为162.3 mg/g. 吸附动力学过程符合假二级动力学方程. 几种竞争阴离子对吸附的干扰作用由强到弱为 CO₃^2-> SO₄^2-> NO₃^- . 吸附真实含磷污水中磷酸根时, 10 h左右达最大去除率, 可将污水中磷浓度降低到极低水平. 因此, 制备的CaAl-LDH具有很好的磷酸根吸附性能, 是一种应用前景广阔的污水磷酸根吸附回收利用材料.

关键词: CaAl-Cl类水滑石, 磷酸根, 高效吸附, 吸附动力学, 影响因素

We synthesized CaAl-Cl layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) by co-precipitation and evaluated its performance in phosphate adsorption. Calcium fluoride (0.25 mol) and sodium meta-aluminate (0.1 mol) were poured into a beaker that contained 0.2 mol sodium hydroxide. The suspension was aged at 25 ℃ for 4 h under vigorous stirring. The acquired sludge was filtered and washed using distilled water, dried at 60 ℃, and then ground to powder for further study. Phosphate stock solution was prepared using sodium di-hydrogen phosphate, and used for adsorption kinetic and isotherm research. The impact factors (e.g., competitive anions, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time) of phosphate removal by CaAl-LDH were researched using industrial effluents. Adsorption processes were studied in 50 mL centrifuge tubes, with shaking by a thermostatic oscillator for planned time intervals. Mixtures were filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane before analysis. Samples before and after phosphate adsorption were characterized by scanning electron microscopy to observe morphological characteristics. Thermo-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the sample thermo-stability. Metal ions (e.g. calcium, aluminum) and phosphate concentration were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. We observed a typical hydrotalcite structure in the CaAl-LDH by scanning electron microscopy, which indicates that the obtained materials are well-defined hexagonal platelet-like particles. The synthesized CaAl-LDH had good thermo-stability based on thermo-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, and pyrolysis showed four mass loss stages. From batch adsorption experiments, we found that the adsorption fitted a Langmuir model (R²=0.997) very well; the maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of 162.3 mg/g corresponded to the experimental data (166.9 mg/g), and is significantly higher than previous reports. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R²=0.998). Additionally, co-existing competitive anions influenced phosphate adsorption in the order of CO₃^2-> SO₄^2-> NO₃^-. Adsorbent dosage and contact time could also impact CaAl-LDH phosphate adsorption capacity. CaAl-LDH in this study could be applied in the recovery and reuse of phosphate from industrial wastewater because of its outstanding performance and stability.

Key words: CaAl-Cl layered double hydroxide, phosphate, efficient adsorption, adsorption kinetics, impact factors

引用此文

贾云生, 王火焰, 赵雪松, 刘晓伟, 王一柳, 范群龙, 周健民. CaAl类水滑石的磷酸根吸附性能及其影响因素研究[J]. 化学学报, 2015, 73(11): 1207-1213.

Jia Yunsheng, Wang Huoyan, Zhao Xuesong, Liu Xiaowei, Wang Yiliu, Fan Qunlong, Zhou Jianmin. Exploring and Evaluation of CaAl Hydrotalcite-like Adsorbents on Phosphate Recycling[J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2015, 73(11): 1207-1213.

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