Lewis酸碱对催化极性烯烃单体精准聚合的研究进展★

doi:10.6023/A23050196

化学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 81 ›› Issue (9): 1215-1230.DOI: 10.6023/A23050196 上一篇下一篇

所属专题：庆祝《化学学报》创刊90周年合辑

综述

Lewis酸碱对催化极性烯烃单体精准聚合的研究进展^★

万义, 何江华^*(), 张越涛^*()

吉林大学化学学院超分子结构与材料国家重点实验室长春 130012

投稿日期:2023-05-04 发布日期:2023-06-06

作者简介:

万义, 吉林大学在读博士研究生. 2018年于辽宁大学化学院获得材料化学理学学士学位, 同年9月进入吉林大学化学学院有机化学专业攻读硕士学位, 2020年9月至今以硕博连读形式攻读博士学位, 硕博期间的导师是张越涛教授. 主要研究方向包括: (1)新型Lewis酸碱对催化体系和生物质基单体的开发、(2)高分子精准合成和功能化聚合物材料制备.

何江华, 吉林大学副教授. 1999年于长春师范学院化学系获得化学教育学士学位, 2002年于东北师范大学化学系获得无机化学硕士学位, 2005年于吉林大学化学学院获得无机化学博士学位. 2007年于美国科罗拉多州立大学从事博士后研究, 并于2013年晋升为一级研究员. 2015年至今任吉林大学副教授, 硕士生导师. 研究方向主要集中于可再生高分子的合成和生物质高附加值转化. 目前以项目负责人身份主持国家自然科学基金面上项目两项, 以通讯作者身份在Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Sci. Bull., Green Chem.和Org. Chem. Front.等国际知名高水平期刊发表SCI论文20余篇.

张越涛, 吉林大学“唐敖庆学者”卓越教授. 1999年于吉林大学化学学院获得化学学士学位, 2004年于同校获得有机化学理学博士学位, 同年留校工作. 2006年赴美国科罗拉多州立大学从事博士后研究, 并于2009年晋升为二级研究员. 2013年至今任吉林大学教授, 博士生导师. 主要研究方向包括: (1) FLP催化聚合物精准合成、(2)生物质降解制备精细化学品和生物燃料、(3)有机合成方法学. 截至目前, 以项目负责人身份主持国家杰出青年科学基金、NSFC优秀青年科学基金, 国家自然科学基金面上项目等科研项目多项, 以通讯作者身份在Nat. Chem., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Nat. Commun., CCS Chem., Sci. Bull., ACS Catal., Chem. Sci.和Green Chem.等国际知名高水平期刊发表SCI论文50余篇, 授权中国专利18项.

^★庆祝《化学学报》创刊90周年.

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22225104); 国家自然科学基金(22071077); 国家自然科学基金(21871107); 国家自然科学基金(21975102)

Research Progress in Precision Polymerization of Polar Olefin Monomers by Lewis Pairs^★

Yi Wan, Jianghua He(), Yuetao Zhang()

State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012

Received:2023-05-04 Published:2023-06-06
Contact: *E-mail: hjh2015@jlu.edu.cn; ytzhang2009@jlu.edu.cn
About author:
^★Dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Acta Chimica Sinica.
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225104); The National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071077); The National Natural Science Foundation of China(21871107); The National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975102)

文章分享

摘要/Abstract

Lewis酸碱对聚合(Lewis pair polymerization, LPP)是近年发展起来的新型聚合方法, 目前已广泛应用于极性烯烃类单体的聚合以及功能性材料的制备. 凭借独特的聚合机理和动力学特性, LPP展现出许多优于传统聚合方法的特点, 也解决了一系列困扰传统聚合方法的难题. 着眼于近年来国内外的重要研究成果, 此综述从分子量、分子量分布、立体结构、序列结构和拓扑结构等聚合物精准合成维度出发, 系统地归纳总结了Lewis酸碱对催化体系在极性烯烃类单体精准聚合上的研究进展, 并针对LPP在当前发展中存在的问题和挑战提出展望.

关键词: Lewis酸碱对, 活性聚合, 极性烯烃单体, 聚合物精准合成

As a newly emerged polymerization strategy, Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) has been widely used in the polymerization of polar olefin monomers and the preparation of functional materials in recent years. With its unique polymerization mechanism and kinetic characteristics, LPP has shown many advantages over the traditional polymerization methods, and accomplished many challenging tasks in polymer synthesis. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of the precision polymerization of the polar olefin monomers into polymers catalyzed by Lewis pairs in terms of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, stereochemistry, monomer sequence and polymer topology, and proposes the outlook for the problems and challenges existing in the development of LPP.

Key words: Lewis pair, living polymerization, polar olefin monomer, precision polymer synthesis

引用此文

万义, 何江华, 张越涛. Lewis酸碱对催化极性烯烃单体精准聚合的研究进展^★[J]. 化学学报, 2023, 81(9): 1215-1230.

Yi Wan, Jianghua He, Yuetao Zhang. Research Progress in Precision Polymerization of Polar Olefin Monomers by Lewis Pairs^★[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(9): 1215-1230.

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图/表 17

图1. (a) Lewis酸碱对的分类; (b) Lewis酸碱对聚合的机理

Figure 1. (a) Classification of Lewis pairs; (b) mechanism of Lewis pair polymerization

图2. (a) (BHT)2AlMe/NHO1 LP催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯的活性可控聚合; (b)低分子量PMMA的MALDI-TOF质谱; (c)分子量和分子量分布与[MMA]0/[NHO1]比例的关系图; (d)分子量和分子量分布与单体转化率的关系图; (e)链延伸制备的PMMA样品的GPC曲线; (f) MMA均聚物, MMA和BnMA连续嵌段共聚产生的二嵌段共聚物和ABA三嵌段共聚物的GPC曲线

Figure 2. (a) Living polymerization of MMA catalyzed by (BHT)2AlMe/NHO1 LP; (b) MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of the low-MW PMMA; (c) plots of Mn and ? for the PMMA vs [MMA]0/[NHO1] ratio; (d) Plots of Mn and ? for the PMMA vs MMA conversion; (e) GPC traces of PMMA samples obtained from chain extension; (f) GPC traces of homopolymer, diblock and ABA triblock copolymer produced from the sequential block copolymerization of MMA and BnMA

图3. (BHT)2AlMe/NHO LP催化二乙烯基极性单体的化学选择性/活性可控聚合

Figure 3. Chemoselective and living/controlled polymerization of divinyl polar monomers catalyzed by (BHT)2AlMe/NHO LP

图4. (a)不同分子量PMMA的GPC曲线, 催化体系: P(NIiPr)Ph2/(BHT)AliBu2 LP; (b) MMBL的均聚物、MMBL和MBL的两嵌段共聚、ABA型三嵌段共聚物的GPC曲线, 催化体系: P(NIiPr)Ph2/(BHT)2AliBu LP

Figure 4. (a) GPC traces of PMMA with different molecular weight, catalytic system: P(NIiPr)Ph2/(BHT)AliBu2 LP; (b) GPC traces of homopolymer, diblock and ABA triblock copolymer produced from the sequential block copolymerization of MMBL and MBL, catalytic system: P(NIiPr)Ph2/(BHT)2AliBu LP

图5. (a) B(2,4-F2C6H3)3/PiBu3 LP催化丙烯酸酯类单体的活性可控聚合; (b)低分子量PMA的MALDI-TOF质谱以及分子离子峰的m/z值(y)与PMA重复单元数(x)的关系图; (c) PMA、PMA-b-PEA 两嵌段共聚物, PMA-b-PEA-b-PnBA三嵌段共聚物, PMA-b-PEA-b-PnBA-b-PtBA四嵌段共聚物的GPC曲线

Figure 5. (a) Living/controlled polymerization of acrylates monomers catalyzed by B(2,4-F2C6H3)3/PiBu3 LP; (b) MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of the low-MW PMA and a plot of m/z values (y) vs the number of PMA repeat units (x) for molecular ion peaks; (c) GPC curves for PMA, PMA-b-PEA diblock, PMA-b-PEA-b-PnBA triblock, and PMA-b-PEA-b-PnBA-b-PtBA tetrablock copolymers

图6. (BHT)2AlMe/IiPr LP催化生物质衍生亚甲基丁内酯单体的活性可控聚合

Figure 6. Living/controlled polymerization of biomass-derived methylene butyrolactones catalyzed by (BHT)2AlMe/IiPr LP

图7. (a) P(NIiPr)Ph2/(BHT)AliBu2 LP催化合成序列可控高分子; (b)不同嵌段数序列可控高分子的GPC曲线; (c)通过五次连续的单体添加规模化合成高分子量的五嵌段共聚物

Figure 7. (a) Sequence-controlled polymers synthesized by P(NIiPr)Ph2/(BHT)AliBu2 LP; (b) GPC curves of sequence controllable polymers with different block number; (c) products obtained from the scale up synthesis of the high-molecular-weight pentablock copolymers after five successive addition of monomers

图8. (a)应用到LP催化聚合诱导自组装的单体; (b) (BHT)AliBu2/NHO2 LP催化一步聚合诱导自组装; (c)室温条件下的[TFEMA]t/[TFEMA]0随时间的变化图, 条件: [PDMAEA]0∶[PTFEMA]0=75∶400, 固体含量质量分数为15%; (d)透射电子显微镜下的球形(1)、蠕虫(2)、囊泡(3)和纤维(4)形貌

Figure 8. (a) The monomers applied to LP-PISA; (b) LP-PISA catalyzed by (BHT)AliBu2/NHO2 LP; (c) [TFEMA]t/[TFEMA]0 vs. time plot at r.t., condition: [PDMAEA]0∶[PTFEMA]0=75∶400, solid content with a mass fraction of 15%; (d) TEM images of spheres (1), worms (2), vesicles (3), and nanofibers (4)

图9. (a)一锅两步合成ABA型三嵌段共聚物; (b)一锅一步合成ABA型三嵌段共聚物; (c) TPEs的机械性能; (d) TPEs的弹性; (e) TPEs在高温环境下的机械性能; (f) TPEs的光学性质

Figure 9. (a) The synthesis of ABA triblock copolymers in one pot and two steps; (b) the synthesis of ABA triblock copolymers in one pot and one step; (c) mechanical properties of TPEs; (d) elasticity of TPEs; (e) mechanical properties of TPEs at high temperature; (f) optical properties of TPEs

图10. (a)不同单体的LA亲和力顺序和均聚活性顺序; (b)利用不同的LA亲和能力和聚合活性关系制备序列共聚物

Figure 10. (a) Lewis acid affinity sequence and homopolymerization activity sequence of different monomers; (b) sequence copolymers were prepared using different Lewis acid affinity and polymerization activity relationships

图11. 合成序列可控高分子使用的(a)催化剂和(b)单体; (c)序列可控高分子的合成示意图

Figure 11. (a) Catalysts and (b) monomers for the synthesis of sequence-controlled polymers; (c) schematic diagram of synthesis of sequence-controlled polymers

图12. (a) (BHT)2AlPh/NHO LP催化共轭极性烯烃类单体的1,4位点选择性活性可控聚合; (b)聚山梨酸甲酯的后修饰

Figure 12. (a) The living/controlled and 100% 1, 4-selective polymerization of conjugated polar olefin monomers catalyzed by (BHT)2AlPh/NHO LP; (b) post-modification of poly(methyl polysorbate)

图13. (BHT)2AlMe/ItBu LP催化半氟化甲基丙烯酸酯类单体的活性可控聚合和立体复合物制备

Figure 13. Living/controlled polymerization of semi-fluorinated methacrylate monomer catalyzed by (BHT)2AlMe/ItBu LP and the preparation of stereocomplex

图14. 分子内稀土金属基LP催化MMA的立体选择性聚合

Figure 14. Stereoselective polymerization of MMA catalyzed by intramolecular rare-earth metal based Lewis pairs

图15. (a)环状PMS和(b)环状PMMA的合成

Figure 15. Synthesis of (a) cyclic PMS and (b) cyclic PMMA

图16. (a) (BHT)2AlMe/TPT LP合成线形聚合物的机理; (b)基于(BHT)2AlMe/ItBu/MS合成环状嵌段共聚物; (c) (BHT)2AlMe/ItBu LP合成环状聚合物的机理

Figure 16. (a) The mechanism of linear polymers synthesis by (BHT)2AlMe/TPT LP; (b) the synthesis of cyclic block copolymers based on (BHT)2AlMe/ItBu/MS; (c) the mechanism of cyclic polymers synthesis by (BHT)2AlMe/ItBu LP

图17. (a)低分子量环状PMMBL的MALDI-TOF质谱; (b)环状PMMBL和线性PMMBL的Mark-Houwink曲线比较; (c)分子内三官能Lewis酸碱对催化合成环状聚合物

Figure 17. (a) MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of low molecular weight cyclic PMMBL; (b) comparison of Mark-Houwink curves between cyclic PMMBL and linear PMMBL; (c) the synthesis of cyclic polymers catalyzed by trifunctional Lewis pair

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Lewis酸碱对催化极性烯烃单体精准聚合的研究进展^★

Research Progress in Precision Polymerization of Polar Olefin Monomers by Lewis Pairs^★

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Lewis酸碱对催化极性烯烃单体精准聚合的研究进展★

Research Progress in Precision Polymerization of Polar Olefin Monomers by Lewis Pairs★

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Lewis酸碱对催化极性烯烃单体精准聚合的研究进展^★

Research Progress in Precision Polymerization of Polar Olefin Monomers by Lewis Pairs^★