新烟碱类农药快速检测光学传感器研究进展

doi:10.6023/A26040140

化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 84 ›› Issue (7): 1211-1224.DOI: 10.6023/A26040140 上一篇

综述

新烟碱类农药快速检测光学传感器研究进展

丁龙华, 王爱珠, 蔡砺寒^*(), 于欣^*()

济南大学前沿交叉科学研究院前沿交叉科学研究院济南 250022

投稿日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2026-06-18

作者简介:

丁龙华, 济南大学前沿交叉科学研究院副教授, 硕士生导师. 于2015年在浙江大学获得博士学位. 主要致力于纳米催化材料设计制备、催化活性调控、催化机理研究及其在生物诊疗方面的应用研究. 在包括Adv. Funct. Mater.、Anal. Chem.等学术期刊发表SCI论文50余篇, 获得授权发明专利4项. 担任Rare Metals, JAT等期刊的青年编委.

王爱珠, 济南大学前沿交叉科学研究院副教授, 硕士生导师. 2016年博士毕业于山东大学, 2015~2016博士期间曾赴昆士兰科技大学联合培养, 2016~2018加入新加坡国立大学做 Research Fellow, 随后加入济南大学前沿交叉科学研究院. 主要研究方向为低维纳米材料电学、磁学、光学和力学性质的理论研究及其潜在的应用分析; 新型2D Dirac材料及其拓扑特效的理论设计与预测; 氧化还原反应等方面的研究. 在ACS Nano, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., J. Phys. Chem. Lett., Nano Res.等国际核心刊物上公开发表学术论文70余篇.

蔡砺寒, 济南大学前沿交叉科学研究院讲师. 2025 年毕业于大连理工大学化工学院精细化工全国重点实验室, 获精细化工专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为纳米材料合成、功能调控及生物治疗应用基础研究. 参与发表SCI论文20余篇, 以第一作者在J. Am. Chem. Soc., ACS Nano, Sci. China Mater.等期刊发表学术论文5篇, 1篇入选ESI高被引论文.

于欣, 济南大学前沿交叉科学研究院教授, 副院长, 博士生导师, 国家基金委优青, 山东省杰青, 泰山学者青年专家. 于2017年在中国科学院大学获得博士学位. 主要聚焦纳米催化材料在生物治疗及传感与器件领域, 开展多学科交叉的基础与应用研究. 以第一/通讯作者在Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Adv. Mater., ACS Nano等学术期刊上发表论文70余篇. 担任Advanced Antibacterial Materials杂志的编委, BMEMat杂志的学术副主编, IJMMM的学术编辑等, 现为第七届中国青年科技工作者协会会员, 山东省高层人才发展促进会会员.

基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MB126); 国家自然科学基金(52422213); 国家自然科学基金(52722212)

Recent Advances in Optical Sensors for Rapid Determination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides

Longhua Ding, Aizhu Wang, Lihan Cai^*(), Xin Yu^*()

Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China

Received:2026-04-28 Published:2026-06-18
Contact: * E-mail: ifc_cailh@ujn.edu.cn; ifc_yux@ujn.edu.cn
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB126); National Natural Science Foundation of China(52422213); National Natural Science Foundation of China(52722212)

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摘要/Abstract

新烟碱类农药作为全球使用量最大的杀虫剂类别之一, 在保障农作物产量的同时, 其不合理使用导致的残留问题对生态环境和人类健康构成严重威胁, 因此, 建立高效、灵敏、快速的残留检测方法具有重要现实意义. 本文系统综述了新烟碱类农药光学传感器的研究进展, 首先阐述了新烟碱类农药的应用现状、残留危害及现有检测方法的优缺点, 重点介绍了光学传感器的核心识别元件(抗体、适配体、分子印迹聚合物等)及其作用机制, 总结了DNA电路放大与纳米材料增强信号放大策略的应用进展, 详细梳理了荧光传感器、比色传感器、表面增强拉曼散射传感器、电化学发光传感器及多模式集成传感阵列与智能识别技术的最新研究成果, 对比分析了不同类型传感器的性能优势与应用场景, 最后指出了当前研究中存在的问题, 并对未来发展趋势进行展望, 旨在为新烟碱类农药光学传感器的进一步研究与实际应用提供全面、新颖的理论参考和技术支撑.

关键词: 新烟碱类农药, 光学传感器, 识别元件, 信号放大, 残留检测

Neonicotinoid pesticides, as one of the most widely used classes of insecticides worldwide, play a critical role in ensuring crop yields. However, residues resulting from their unreasonable use pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, establishing efficient, sensitive, and rapid residue detection methods is of great practical significance. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of optical sensors for neonicotinoid pesticides. First, it describes the application status, residue hazards, and the advantages and disadvantages of existing detection methods for neonicotinoid pesticides. Then, it focuses on the core recognition elements of optical sensors (antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, etc.) and their mechanisms of action, and summarizes the application progress of signal amplification strategies including DNA circuit amplification and nanomaterial enhancement. The latest research results of fluorescence sensors, colorimetric sensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors, and multi-mode integrated sensor arrays with intelligent recognition technology are elaborated. The performance advantages and application scenarios of different types of sensors are compared and analyzed. Finally, the problems existing in current research are pointed out, and the future development trends are prospected, aiming to provide comprehensive and novel theoretical references and technical support for the further research and practical application of optical sensors for neonicotinoid pesticides.

Key words: neonicotinoid pesticides, optical sensors, recognition elements, signal amplification, residue detection

引用此文

丁龙华, 王爱珠, 蔡砺寒, 于欣. 新烟碱类农药快速检测光学传感器研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2026, 84(7): 1211-1224.

Longhua Ding, Aizhu Wang, Lihan Cai, Xin Yu. Recent Advances in Optical Sensors for Rapid Determination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2026, 84(7): 1211-1224.

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图/表 8

图1. 新烟碱农药的分子识别与光学传感器

Figure 1. Molecular recognition and optical sensors for neonicotinoid pesticides

图2. 新烟碱农药的分子识别元件

Figure 2. Recognition element for neonicotinoid pesticides

识别元件	特异性	稳定性(温度、pH耐受性)	制备周期	综合成本
抗体	极高	较差、不耐高温与酸碱	长(数周~数月)	高
适配体	高	良好、耐宽温、弱酸碱	中等(1~2周)	中低
分子印迹聚合物	较高	优异、耐高温、强酸碱	中等(主流工艺3~7天)	低
β-环糊精	中等	优异	极短(数小时)	极低
噬菌体展示肽	高	良好	较长(2~4周)	中等

表1. 新烟碱类农药光学传感器常用识别元件综合性能对比

Table 1. Comparison of typical recognition elements for neonicotinoid optical sensors

Figure 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation and working process of the developed fluorescent molecularly imprinted hydrogel sensing strips for IMI detection. Reprinted with permission from ref. [23]. Copy right © 2025 Elsevier. (b) Schematic diagram of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and the mechanism of fluorescence response. Reprinted with permission from ref. [47]. Copy right © 2021 Elsevier

图4. (a)啶虫脒比色斑点法检测示意图. 已获得参考文献[18]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2026 Elsevier. (b)用于检测啶虫脒残留的比色传感平台. 已获得参考文献[54]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2026 American Chemical Society. (c)用于检测茶水中啶虫脒的 SERS 适配体传感器构建示意图. 已获得参考文献[55]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2025 Elsevier

Figure 4. (a) The scheme for detection of acetamiprid through colorimetric dot assay. Reprinted with permission from ref. [18] copy right © 2026 Elsevier. (b) Colorimetric sensing platform for detection of ATM Residues. Reprinted with permission from ref. [54] Copy right © 2026 American Chemical Society. (c) The construction of SERS aptasensor for detecting acetamiprid in tea infusion. Reprinted with permission from ref. [55] copy right ©2025 Elsevier

Figure 5. (a) Procedure of sensor fabrication for the detection of thiamethoxam. Reprinted with permission from ref. [61] copy right © 2025 Springer. (b) Electrochemiluminescence ratiometric aptasensor for acetamiprid analysis. Reprinted with permission from ref. [62] Copy right © 2024 American Chemical Society

图6. (a) TPPCNZ与免疫探针的制备, (b) TPPCNZ-ICA 多模式检测啶虫脒的作用机制. 已获得参考文献[65]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2025 American Chemical Society. (c, d)基于纳米酶-过氧化氢-四甲基联苯胺体系用于磺酰脲类农药选择性检测的多信号传感阵列示意图. 已获得参考文献[63]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2025 Elsevier

Figure 6. (a) Preparation of TPPCNZ and immunoprobes, (b) Mechanism of action of TPPCNZ-ICA in ACE detection. Reprinted with permission from ref. [65] Copy right © 2025 American Chemical Society. (c, d) Schematic diagram of the multi-signal sensor array for the selective detection of sulfonylurea pesticides based on the nanozyme-H2O2-TMB system. Reprinted with permission from ref. [63] copy right © 2025 Elsevier

Method	Materials	Target	Recognition element	Linear range/(μg•mL⁻¹)	LOD/(μg•mL⁻¹)		Ref.
Fluorescence	B-CDs@MIPs/R-CDs	thiamethoxam	MIPs	14.59~7292.75	3.94		[22]
	AuNPs/CDs	acetamiprid	aptamer	0.005~0.100	0.001		[42]
	nitrogen-doped CDs	imidacloprid	MIPs	0.1~50	0.065		[23]
	H₂-SiO₂@CsPbBr₃	thiamethoxam	β-CD	0.004~0.018	0.001		[47]
Colorimetry	Fe-MOF	acetamiprid		1×10⁻⁷~10	3.15×10⁻⁸		[54]
	magnetic beads (MBs)	imidacloprid	Antibody	5×10⁻⁵~0.05	6.3×10⁻⁵		[27]
	graphene oxide (GO)	thiamethoxam	aptamer	0.0015~0.0438	5×10⁻⁴		[19]
ECL	Fe/Zn-BTC@C-dots	thiamethoxam	aptamer	1.5×10⁻⁵~1.46×10^-2	3×10⁻⁶		[60]
	NiFe-LDHs/Cu-SAs	thiamethoxam	aptamer	5.8×10⁻⁷~1.75×10⁻³	1.9×10⁻⁷		[61]
	RuZn-MOF	acetamiprid	aptamer	1.0×10⁻⁷~1	3.33×10⁻⁸		[67]
	Gd-MOF	acetamiprid	aptamer	2.23×10⁻⁸~2.23×10⁻³	7.35×10⁻⁹		[62]
	Zn-MOFs/Pt@Cu₂O	acetamiprid	aptamer	0~2.23×10^-6	3.90×10^-9		[32]
SERS	AuNPs/ITO	acetamiprid	MIPs	0.022~44.53	7.12×10^-4		[68]
	Au@pBDT-TA	thiamethoxam	Antibody	2.0×10^-6~8.0×10^-5	5.0×10^-7		[58]
	UiO-66@TiO₂/Au	thiamethoxam		0.001 ~10	6.6×10^-5		[57]
Dual-mode	HAuNPs/BSA-AuNCs	imidacloprid	Antibody	2.0×10^-5~2.0×10^-3 (fluorescence); 2.0×10^-5~1.0×10^-3 (colorimetry)	7.8×10^-6 (fluorescence); 4.78×10^-5 (colorimetry)		[50]
	Au@Pt	imidacloprid	Antibody	0~0.02 (fluorescence); 0.001 ~ 0.05 (colorimetry)	1.14×10^-3(fluorescence); 8.8×10^-4 (colorimetry)	[16]

表2. 不同光学传感方法检测新烟碱类农药的性能对比

Table 2. Performance comparison of optical sensing methods for neonicotinoid pesticide detection

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新烟碱类农药快速检测光学传感器研究进展

Recent Advances in Optical Sensors for Rapid Determination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides

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