1 引言
2 结果与讨论
2.1 物性表征和形貌分析
2.1.1 X射线衍射(XRD)和Raman光谱分析
2.1.2 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析
2.1.3 微观形貌分析
图3 ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+分级纳米棒的(a)低倍率、(b)高倍率SEM图像, (c) EDS能谱, (d)低倍率、(e)高倍率TEM图像, (f) HRTEM图像, (g) HAADF图像和(h) Zn、(i) O、(j) Er、(k) Yb元素分布Figure 3 (a) Low-magnification and (b) high-magnification SEM images, (c) EDS spectrum, (d) low-magnification and (e) high-magnification TEM images, (f) HRTEM image, (g) HAADF image and the corresponding distribution of (h) Zn, (i) O, (j) Er, (k) Yb of ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorods |
2.2 上转换发光性能
2.2.1 光学特性分析
图6 (a)不同激发功率下ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+分级纳米棒的上转换发光光谱(激光功率: 0.5~1.2 W, 对应功率密度: 5~12 W/cm2); (b) 525 nm、546 nm及662 nm处发射峰积分强度与激发功率的关系Figure 6 (a) Upconversion luminescence spectra of ZnO:Er3⁺/Yb3⁺ hierarchical nanorods under varied excitation power (Laser power: 0.5~1.2 W, corresponding power density: 5~12 W/cm2); (b) Integrated emission intensity at 525 nm, 546 nm, and 662 nm as a function of excitation power |
2.2.2 温度传感特性分析
图8 不同温度下ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+分级纳米棒的(a)上转换发光光谱; (b) 525 nm、546 nm及662 nm处发射峰积分强度随温度的变化关系Figure 8 (a) Upconversion luminescence spectrum of ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorods at different temperatures; (b) Temperature dependent variation of emission peak integral intensity at 525 nm, 546 nm, and 662 nm |
图9 ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+分级纳米棒的(a) FIR(I525 nm/I546 nm)随温度的变化, 插图为FIR(I525 nm/I546 nm)的循环测试; (b)相对灵敏度Sr及温度分辨率δT随温度的变化Figure 9 (a) Temperature dependence of the FIR(I525 nm/I546 nm) for the ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorods. The inset shows the cycling test of the FIR(I525 nm/I546 nm). (b) Temperature dependence of the relative sensitivity Sᵣ and temperature resolution δT |
表1 Er3+/Yb3+掺杂不同基质材料的基于荧光强度比的光学参数Table 1 Optical parameters based on fluorescence intensity ratio for Er3+/Yb3+ doped in different matrix materials |
| Er3+/Yb3+掺杂不同基质材料 | 跃迁能级 | 温度范围/K | 最大相对灵敏度/(%•K−1) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaYF4 | 2H11/2, 4S3/2 | 198~498 | 0.46 | [64] |
| β-NaGdF4 | 2H11/2, 4S3/2 | 303~563 | 0.37 | [65] |
| NaLnTiO4 | 2H11/2, 4S3/2 | 300~510 | 0.45 | [66] |
| LiGa5O8 | 2H11/2, 4S3/2 | 300~480 | 0.35 | [67] |
| Ba2SrLu4O9 | 2H11/2, 4S3/2 2H11/2, 4F9/2 | 303~573 | 0.99 0.88 | [13] |
| Ca3Y2Ge3O12 | 2H11/2, 4S3/2 2H11/2, 4F9/2 | 293~473 | 1.29 1.09 | [56] |
| ZnO | 2H11/2, 4S3/2 2H11/2, 4F9/2 | 298~573 | 1.03 2.20 | 本文 |
图11 ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+分级纳米棒的(a) FIR(I662 nm/I546 nm)随温度的变化, 插图为FIR(I662 nm/I546 nm)的循环测试; (b)相对灵敏度Sr及温度分辨率δT随温度的变化Figure 11 (a) Temperature dependence of the FIR(I662 nm/I546 nm) for the ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorods. The inset shows the cycling test of the FIR(I662 nm/I546 nm). (b) Temperature dependence of the relative sensitivity Sr and temperature resolution δT |
表2 Er3+/Yb3+掺杂不同基质材料的基于荧光寿命的光学参数Table 2 Optical parameters based on fluorescence lifetime for Er3+/Yb3+ doped in different host materials |