1 引言
2 结果与讨论
2.1 DES的作用机制
图1 1 mg•mL−1 DES掺杂HTL的作用机制. (a) DES形成与Li+固定机制; (b) DES与LiTFSI的FT-IR光谱; (c) Li 1s的XPS能谱; (d) Pb 4f的XPS能谱; (e) 钙钛矿/HTL-Control的XRD图谱; (f) 钙钛矿/HTL-DES的XRD图谱; (g) PbI2峰与(001) FAPbI3峰的强度比(*: PbI2;▲:(001) FAPbI3)Figure 1 Mechanism of HTL doped with 1 mg•mL−1 DES. (a) DES formation and Li+ immobilization mechanism; (b) FT-IR spectra of DES and LiTFSI; (c) XPS spectrum of Li 1s; (d) XPS spectrum of Pb 4f; (e) XRD pattern of PVK/HTL-Control; (f) XRD pattern of PVK/HTL-DES; (g) Intensity ratio of PbI2 peak to (001) FAPbI3 peak (*: PbI2; ▲: (001) FAPbI3) |
2.2 DES掺杂与tBP减量优化对载流子传输的影响
图2 1 mg•mL−1 DES 掺杂HTL的载流子传输性能. (a) t5Li10-DES、t10Li14-DES、t39Li23-DES及t39Li23在干燥空气中氧化18 h后的UV吸收光谱; (b) t5Li10-DES 在干燥空气中氧化72 h后的UV吸收光谱; (c) t5Li10-DES、t39Li23-DES及t39Li23在空气中氧化72 h后UV光谱在520 nm 处的吸收峰强度; (d) t5Li10-DES、t10Li14-DES、t39Li23-DES及t39Li23在干燥空气中氧化18 h后的电导率曲线; (e) 电导率对比; (f) HTL在空气氧化过程中的电导率变化; (g) 空穴迁移率测试曲线; (h) 空穴迁移率对比; (i) PL光谱Figure 2 Carrier transport properties of HTL doped with 1 mg•mL−1 DES. (a) UV absorption spectra of t5Li10-DES, t10Li14-DES, t39Li23-DES and t39Li23 after 18 h oxidation in dry air; (b) UV absorption spectra of t5Li10-DES after 72 h oxidation in dry air; (c) Absorption peak intensity at 520 nm of UV absorption spectra of t5Li10-DES, t39Li23-DES and t39Li23 after 72 h oxidation in air; (d) Conductivity curves of t5Li10-DES, t10Li14-DES, t39Li23-DES and t39Li23 after 18 h oxidation in dry air; (e) Conductivity comparison; (f) Conductivity variation of HTL during oxidation in air; (g) Hole mobility test curves; (h) Hole mobility comparison; (i) PL spectra |
2.3 DES掺杂与tBP减量优化对HTL热稳定性的影响
图3 不同掺杂比例HTL的热老化性能评估. (a) 空气氧化及85 ℃热老化前后的UV吸收光谱; (b) 空气氧化及85 ℃热老化前后电导率的变化; (c) 热老化前后空穴迁移率的变化; (d) 85 ℃热老化前后的XRD图谱; (e) FT-IR光谱; (f) 85 ℃热老化前后的 FT-IR 光谱; (g) DSC 曲线; (h) PVK/HTL在85 ℃热老化前后的PL光谱; (i) PVK/HTL在空气氧化及85 ℃热老化前后的UV吸收光谱Figure 3 Evaluation of thermal aging performance of HTLs with different doping ratios. (a) UV absorption spectra before and after oxidation in air and thermal aging at 85 ℃; (b) Variation in conductivity before and after oxidation and thermal aging at 85 ℃; (c) Variation in hole mobility before and after thermal aging; (d) XRD patterns before and after thermal aging at 85 ℃; (e) FT-IR spectra; (f) FT-IR spectra before and after thermal aging at 85 ℃; (g) DSC curves; (h) PL spectra of PVK/HTL before and after thermal aging at 85 ℃; (i) UV absorption spectra of PVK/HTL before and after oxidation and thermal aging at 85 ℃ |
2.4 DES掺杂与tBP减量优化对器件光伏性能的影响
图4 掺杂工程调控器件光伏性能的评估. (a) 器件结构; (b) 不同掺杂浓度下的器件效率; (c) 1 mg•mL−1 DES掺杂器件的效率分布直方图; (d) 1 mg•mL−1 DES掺杂及不同tBP/LiTFSI掺杂比例下的器件光伏性能; (e) 器件J-V曲线; (f) 稳态功率输出; (g) HTL中tBP/LiTFSI物质的量比与器件效率的关系Figure 4 Evaluation of photovoltaic performance of devices regulated by doping engineering. (a) Device structure; (b) Device efficiency with different doping concentrations; (c) Efficiency distribution histogram of devices with 1 mg•mL−1 DES doping; (d) Photovoltaic performance of devices with 1 mg•mL−1 DES doping and different tBP/LiTFSI doping ratios; (e) Device J-V curves; (f) Steady-state power output (SPO); (g) Relationship between tBP/LiTFSI molar ratio in HTL and device efficiency variation |
图5 掺杂调控器件稳定性评估. (a) 25 ℃、N2中未封装器件的暗态稳定性; (b) 85 ℃、N2氛围下未封装器件的热稳定性; (c) 25 ℃、30%~40% RH空气中未封装器件的湿度稳定性; (d) 器件稳定性综合评估Figure 5 Stability evaluation of devices regulated by doping engineering. (a) Dark-state stability of unpackaged devices under N2 atmosphere at 25 ℃; (b) Thermal stability of unpackaged devices under N2 atmosphere at 85 ℃; (c) Humidity stability of unpackaged devices under air atmosphere at 25 ℃ and 30%~40% RH; (d) Comprehensive evaluation of device stability performance |