Recent Advances in DNA Phosphorothioation Modification Studies

doi:10.6023/A12121120

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2013, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (04): 501-507.DOI: 10.6023/A12121120 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

DNA骨架磷硫酰化修饰的研究进展

胡中培^a,b, 王呈坤^b, 蓝文贤^b, 李芳^a, 曹春阳^b

a 华中师范大学化学学院武汉 430079;
b 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所生命有机化学国家重点实验室上海 200032

投稿日期:2012-12-31 发布日期:2013-02-06
通讯作者: 李芳, 曹春阳 E-mail:f.li@mail.ccnu.edu.cn; ccao@mail.sioc.ac.cn
基金资助:
项目受国家科技部重大研究计划(Nos. 2009CB918600, 2011CB966300)和国家自然科学基金(Nos. 20905074, 21272261)资助.

Recent Advances in DNA Phosphorothioation Modification Studies

Hu Zhongpei^a,b, Wang Chengkun^b, Lan Wenxian^b, Li Fang^a, Cao Chunyang^b

a College of Chemistry, Central China University, Wuhan 430079;
b State Key Lab of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032

Received:2012-12-31 Published:2013-02-06
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2009CB918600, 2011CB966300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20905074, 21272261).

DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification is a sulfur modification on DNA backbone, in which a non-bridging P—O bond is changed into a non-bridging P-S bond, being the first physiological modification described on the DNA backbone. It is found that the DNA with backbone phosphoration has DNA degradation (Dnd) phenotype upon running electrophoresis in Tris buffer. Moreover, this DNA phosphorothioation belongs to a kind of post-replication modification, where sulfur is incorporated stereo-specifically (i.e., it’s a chiral R_p-type modification, not S_p-type configuration) into DNA backbone at specific sequences. For example, a high frequency of GA was found to be phosphorothioated in Bermanella marisrubri RED65 and Hahella chejuensis KCTC2396, determined by using high pressure or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass methods. DNA phosphorothioation is widespread and quantized in bacterial genomes. It was reported that this DNA PT modification is controlled by the five proteins (DndA-E) encoded by dna degradation (dnd) genes cluster (dndA-E) in a sequence found in bacteria and archaea, but the mechanism about how these five proteins function during the pathway of DNA backbone PT modification remains elusive. Among these five genes, four of them, dndA and dndC-E, are essential for the PT modification, while inactivation of dndB resulted in increased phosphorothioation and altered sequence preference. In this paper, we reviewed the discovery history, the features of DNA phosphorothioation modification, and the recent research progresses on the structures and functions of the five proteins involved in DNA backbone phosphorothioation. We also discussed the antioxidant activities of phosphorothioated DNA in biological systems. Finally, for easily understanding the research direction in DNA phosphorothioation, we summarized several questions in the future studies on DNA PT modification, which includes: (1) How sulfur is incorporated into DNA backbone in biological system? (2) How the DNA phosphorothioation is affected by the proteins DndA, DndB, DndC, DndD and DndE? (3) How to get soluble DndB, DndC and DndD in a large quantity? (4) How DndA functions as a cysteine sulfur transferase, because the active site is in a rigid β- sheet conformation?

Key words: DNA, phosphorothioate, DndA-E, Dnd phenotype, review

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Hu Zhongpei, Wang Chengkun, Lan Wenxian, Li Fang, Cao Chunyang. Recent Advances in DNA Phosphorothioation Modification Studies[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2013, 71(04): 501-507.

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DNA骨架磷硫酰化修饰的研究进展

Recent Advances in DNA Phosphorothioation Modification Studies

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