Advances in Charge Transport through DNA Molecular Junction by Employing Electrodes Pair with Nanometer-sized Separation

doi:10.6023/A19040127

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (10): 951-963.DOI: 10.6023/A19040127 Next Articles

Review

基于纳米间隔电极对的DNA分子结电输运的研究进展

杨威宇^a, 雷志超^b, 洪文晶^b^*(), 黄飞舟^a^*()

^a 中南大学湘雅三医院长沙 410013
^b 厦门大学化学化工学院厦门 361005

投稿日期:2019-04-11 发布日期:2019-05-21
通讯作者: 洪文晶,黄飞舟 E-mail:whong@xmu.edu.cn;huangfeizhou@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:杨威宇, 男, 中南大学湘雅三医院在读硕士生. 2017年于中南大学湘雅医学院临床医学系获医学学士学位. 主要从事肝胆疾病生物标志物的前沿检测技术以及生物分子的电输运性质的研究.|雷志超, 男, 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室科研助理. 2012年于厦门大学化学化工学院化学生物学系获理学学士学位, 2018年于厦门大学化学系获理学博士学位. 主要从事催组装、分子伴侣、染色质折叠和调控等方面的研究.|洪文晶, 男, 教授, 博士生导师. 2013年于伯尔尼大学化学与生物化学系获博士学位, 2017年获国家优秀青年科学基金资助. 现担任厦门大学化学化工学院教授委员会副主任, 化学工程与生物工程系系主任. 主要研究方向包括: 单分子尺度研究; 精密科学仪器研发; 人工智能的工业应用. 已在Acc. Chem. Res.、Chem. Soc. Rev.、Nat. Mater.等国际学术期刊上发表SCI收录论文50余篇.|黄飞舟, 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 一级主任医师, “湘雅名医”入选者, 中南大学湘雅三医院副院长. 现担任湖南省医学会常务理事、门静脉高压症专业学组组长. 主要研究方向包括: 门静脉高压症的发病机制及治疗策略; 肝癌的早期诊断及手术干预方式; 肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的发病机制及防治方法. 已在国际学术期刊上发表SCI收录论文30余篇, 主持省部级课题5项, 获省部级科技进步奖2项.
基金资助:
项目受中南大学湘雅三医院“新湘雅人才工程”(20150203);国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0204902);国家自然科学基金(21722305)

Advances in Charge Transport through DNA Molecular Junction by Employing Electrodes Pair with Nanometer-sized Separation

Yang, Wei-Yu^a, Lei, Zhi-Chao^b, Hong, Wenjing^b^*(), Huang, Fei-Zhou^a^*()

^a Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
^b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005

Received:2019-04-11 Published:2019-05-21
Contact: Hong, Wenjing,Huang, Fei-Zhou E-mail:whong@xmu.edu.cn;huangfeizhou@csu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the New Xiangya Talent Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(20150203);the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0204902);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21722305)

Molecular electronics is an interdisciplinary science that mainly studies the charge transport through molecules and its main goal is to fabricate molecular devices with electrical functionalities. In the state-of-art of molecular electronics, the research paradigm is to fabricate electrodes pair with nanometer-sized separation and construct the molecular junction through the assembly of target molecules with the electrodes pair. With this framework, the target molecule can be integrated to the macroscopic measurement circuit. DNA is one of the most significant biomolecules in natural sciences. It had drawn great attentions in biomedicine because of the carried genetic instructions. In molecular electronics, DNA also had attracted much interest due to the distinct structure and its capability of long-range charge transport. Nevertheless, in the early stage of molecular electronics, the probe molecules were limited to those with simple structures and short lengths. In recent years, molecular electronics had witnessed a rapid progress due to the developments in micro/nano-fabrication and the detection for weak current signal. Specifically, it includes the improvements in the success rate, efficiency, and stability of the fabricated molecular device. Benefiting from that, the probe molecules had been extended to a number of complex compounds like DNA. We give a brief introduction to the recent progress in the fabrication of DNA molecular junctions and the studies on the corresponding charge transport, most of which were made by using the research paradigm of fabricating electrodes pair with nanometer-sized separation. According to the fabrication methods that employed, these advances were introduced in two classes. One is that made by the as-called break junction methods, which include STM-break junction, conductive AFM and mechanically controllable break junction. The other is that made by the as-called cutting methods, which include cutting of carbon nanotube, graphene and silicon nanowire. We summarize the historical development of these methods and give a comparison between them. We also introduce some representative research on the charge transport through DNA molecular junction, and discuss the distinct features of DNA in electrical properties compared to the conventional small molecules. To conclude, we give a prospect on the future development of the studies on charge transport through DNA molecular junction.

Key words: molecular electronics, molecular junction, DNA, charge transport

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Yang, Wei-Yu, Lei, Zhi-Chao, Hong, Wenjing, Huang, Fei-Zhou. Advances in Charge Transport through DNA Molecular Junction by Employing Electrodes Pair with Nanometer-sized Separation[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2019, 77(10): 951-963.

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Fig. & Tab. 19

Figure 1. Schematics of the six dsDNA molecules selected by the researchers[50]

Figure 2. (a) A typical current-distance trace recorded in experiment. The plateau indicates a stable molecular junction was established between the tip and substrate; (b) Schematic of the modified STM-BJ setup with a modulating tip; (c) The evolution of amplitude of conductance modulation with time as the junction was mechanically modulated[51]

Figure 3. (a) Chemical structures of EB and HOE molecules, and the schematic illustration of the formation of EB-DNA complex and HOE-DNA complex; (b) 1D conductance histogram and typical traces for EB-DNA molecular junction; (c) 1D conductance histogram and typical traces for HOE-DNA molecular junction[52]

Figure 4. (a) Schematic of the STM-BJ setup with a Ag electrode serving as the electrochemical gate; (b) Molecular structure of anthraquinone; (c) Schematic of the modified DNA (Aq-DNA), where a base is replaced with an anthraquinone; (d) 1D conductance histograms of Aq-DNA as measured at different redox states[53]

Figure 5. (a) Schematic illustration of the STM-BJ setup equipped with a temperature-controllable tip; (b) Sequences of the studied DNA molecules; (c) The evolution of Seebeck coefficient along with molecular length for DNA molecules[61]

Figure 6. (a) Schematic illustration of a mixed SAM layer that established by a sequential assembly of two molecules on an Au substrate[62]; (b) Schematic drawing of an c-AFM setup, where the yellow and red balls represent gold and sulfur atoms respectively; (c) The measured I-V curves that contributed by 1 to 5 parallel 1,8-octanedithiol molecules[40]

Figure 7. (a) Schematic illustration of c-AFM approach by employing DNA hybridization technique and nanoparticle assembly method; (b) Typical I-V curves measured for the as-fabricated dsDNA SAM layer[64]. Schematic drawings of the four types of molecular junctions, including (c) the ssDNA SAM layer, (d) the dsDNA SAM layer without top thiol groups, (e) the dsDNA SAM layer with top thiol groups, and (f) the dsDNA SAM layer with top Au nanoparticles[65]

Figure 8. The measured I-V curves for dsDNA SAM layers that modified with Au nanoparticles of different sizes[66]

Figure 9. (a) Chemical structure of a unit of G4-DNA; (b) Schematic stereostructure of G4-DNA; (c) Measured I-V curves for G4-DNA with different lengths; (d) Schematic drawing of the experimental protocol and a typical AFM image, where the colored dots represent the contact sites[67]

Figure 10. (a) Schematic drawing of an MCBJ setup[69]; (b) SEM image of the electrodes pairs with nanometer-sized constriction, which were prepared by micro/nano-fabrication techniques[71]

Figure 11. (a) SEM image of a suspended electrodes pair with a nanometer-sized constriction, which was fabricated by e-beam lithographic processes; (b) Schematic structures of the DNA1 and DNA2 that studied; (c) 1D conductance histogram of DNA1; (d) 1D conductance histogram of DNA2[74]

Figure 12. (a) Evolution of conductance as the size of nanogap gradually increases; (b) Measured I-V curves with a forward potential sweep (black curve) and a backward potential sweep (red curve)[80]

Figure 13. (a) Schematic drawing of the G4-DNA molecule with three structural units and two anchors; (b) Evolution of resistance as the separation between electrodes pair gradually changed either in the absence of molecule junction (green line and blue line), or in the presence of molecular junction (black line and red line)[81]

Figure 14. (a) Schematic cutting of a carbon nanotube with micro/ nano-fabrication techniques; (b) Schematic drawing of the as-fabricated electrodes pair of carbon nanotube, with a nanometer-sized separation and two functional contacts; (c) Working principle of the molecular switch; (d) Response of the molecular switch in the cyclic changes of the pH value[36]

Figure 15. (a) AFM image of the molecular junction with electrodes pair of carbon nanotube; (b) Schematic drawings of the ssDNA (top) and dsDNA (bottom) molecular junctions; the measured I-V curves in ambient conditions (blue line) and in vacuum (red line) for either (c) ssDNA or (d) dsDNA molecular junction[83]

Figure 16. (a) Schematic drawing of the graphene electrodes pair with a nanometer-sized separation; (b) The chemical structures of the studied molecules with varying lengths[37]

Figure 17. (a) Schematic drawing of the DNA molecular device with graphene electrodes; (b) The curves of source-drain current versus gate voltage that measured before (blue line) and after (green line) the treatment of EB molecules; (c) The monitored current traces in the presence of EB molecules with concentration of either 5×10–7 mol/L (black line) or 5×10–13 mol/L (blue line)[84]

Figure 18. Schematic drawings of the cutting of a silicon nanowire and the as-fabricated sample[85]

Figure 19. (a) Schematic drawing of the hpDNA molecular junction; the monitored current traces at 20 ℃ (b) and 55 ℃ (c), as well as the corresponding 1D conductance histograms[86]

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基于纳米间隔电极对的DNA分子结电输运的研究进展

Advances in Charge Transport through DNA Molecular Junction by Employing Electrodes Pair with Nanometer-sized Separation

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