Theoretical Study on Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Assisted Aldimine Condensation

doi:10.6023/A19110413

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 78 ›› Issue (5): 437-443.DOI: 10.6023/A19110413 Previous Articles Next Articles

Article

含氮杂环协助的醛胺缩合反应机理的研究

李哲伟, 王骞阅, 蒲敏, 杨作银, 雷鸣

北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室化学学院计算化学研究所北京 100029

投稿日期:2019-11-26 发布日期:2020-04-08
通讯作者: 蒲敏, 雷鸣 E-mail:pumin@mail.buct.edu.cn;leim@mail.buct.ed
基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金（No.21672018）、厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放课题（No.201811）和中央高校基本科研专项资金项目（No.XK1802-6）资助.

Theoretical Study on Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Assisted Aldimine Condensation

Li Zhewei, Wang Qianyue, Pu Min, Yang Zuoyin, Lei Ming

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2019-11-26 Published:2020-04-08
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21672018), the State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (Xiamen University) (No. 201811) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. XK1802-6).

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Abstract

Imines and the intermediate methylamine by the aldimine condensation of primary amines with aldehydes have a potential application in the field of pharmacy, life science, catalysis, material science, etc. In this reaction, the hydrogen transfer in the dehydration step normally prefers the pathway via a water bridge in aqueous solution or a directly dehydration in organic solvent. It is a different mechanism for the aldimine condensation of amine owning neighbouring nitrogenous heterocycle. Herein we investigated the mechanism of aldimine condensation of primary amine containing nitrogenous heterocycle with aldehyde in dichloromethane under acidic conditions using density functional theory (DFT) at ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level, the calculated results show that compared with specific acid catalysis, the heterocyclic nitrogen with stronger basicity is easier to be protonated than the oxygen of carbonyl group. The whole reaction proceeds two hydrogen transfer steps via nitrogen bridge owning an energy span of 13.08 kcal/mol. The rate-determing step is the second hydrogen transfer step. In each step the heterocyclic nitrogen is a bridge to assist the hydrogen transfer, which could reduce the free energy barrier of the aldimine condensation. It is unfavorable for the reaction pathway via directly hydrogen transfer with a four-membered ring transition state owning a free energy barrier of 32.73 kcal/mol, and the reaction pathway via a water bridge is not located. Meanwhile, the energy barriers increased for systems in which the N atom in heterocycle of primary amine is replaced by P/As atoms. The rate-determining step changes from the second hydrogen transfer step for N system to the first hydrogen transfer step for As system. The position effect of adjacent nitrogen atom is also investigated. The γ position owns the highest reactivity of the aldimine condensation, which implies that the ring strain plays an important role in the aldimine condensation of primary amine containing nitrogenous heterocycle with aldehyde. This theoretical study may provide insights to unveil the nature of aldimine condensation of aldehyde and primary amine owning nitrogeneous heterocycle.

Key words: nitrogenous heterocycle, primary amine, aldimine condensation, DFT, hydrogen transfer

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Li Zhewei, Wang Qianyue, Pu Min, Yang Zuoyin, Lei Ming. Theoretical Study on Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Assisted Aldimine Condensation[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2020, 78(5): 437-443.

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含氮杂环协助的醛胺缩合反应机理的研究

Theoretical Study on Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Assisted Aldimine Condensation

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