Boosting the Supercapacitance Performance of Mesostructured Carbon Nanocages by Enlarging Pore Sizes via Carbothermal Reduction★

doi:10.6023/A23030073

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 81 ›› Issue (7): 709-716.DOI: 10.6023/A23030073 Previous Articles Next Articles

Special Issue: 庆祝《化学学报》创刊90周年合辑

Article

碳热还原活化扩孔提升介观结构碳纳米笼超级电容器性能^★

刘佳, 陈光海, 陈轶群, 江杰涛, 肖霄, 吴强^*(), 杨立军, 王喜章^*(), 胡征

南京大学化学化工学院介观化学教育部重点实验室南京 210023

投稿日期:2023-03-08 发布日期:2023-04-26
作者简介:
^★庆祝《化学学报》创刊90周年.
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0209100); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1500900); 国家自然科学基金(21972061); 国家自然科学基金(21832003); 国家自然科学基金(52071174)

Boosting the Supercapacitance Performance of Mesostructured Carbon Nanocages by Enlarging Pore Sizes via Carbothermal Reduction^★

Jia Liu, Guanghai Chen, Yiqun Chen, Jietao Jiang, Xiao Xiao, Qiang Wu(), Lijun Yang, Xizhang Wang(), Zheng Hu

Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023

Received:2023-03-08 Published:2023-04-26
Contact: *E-mail: wqchem@nju.edu.cn; wangxzh@nju.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-25-89681910
About author:
^★Dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Acta Chimica Sinica.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0209100); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1500900); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972061); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21832003); National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071174)

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Abstract

Electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with the merits of high power density and fast charging/discharging have been widely used in the different fields, e.g. green energy and national defense, which is however limited by the unsatisfied energy density. The factors dominating the EDLCs performance mainly include the specific surface area, pore structure (i.e., ion transport channel), conductivity and wettability of the electrode material, the working voltage window and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. In recent years, mesostructured carbon nanocage have been attracting more and more attention as advanced platform materials for energy storage and conversion, which have a particularly broad application prospect in the field of supercapacitors. Based on the rule of solubility product and the carbothermal reduction method, herein we have developed a new route to regulate the pore size distribution of hierarchical carbon nanocages (hCNCs) and effectively increased the number and size of the channels across the shells of hCNCs. The optimized sample exhibits excellent supercapacitive performances in KOH and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF₄) electrolytes: the specific capacitance of 255 and 220 F•g^－1 at 1 A•g^－1 (50% and 25.7% higher than those of the pristine hCNCs); 179 and 129 F•g^－1 at a high current density of 200 A•g^－1 (68.9% and 33.0% higher than those of the pristine hCNCs); energy density of 12.8 Wh•kg^－1@0.3 kW•kg^－1 and 116 Wh•kg^－1@0.97 kW•kg^－1, respectively. Such excellent electrochemical performances can be attributed to the introduction of small-sized mesopores and the increase in number and size of micropores on the shells of hCNCs, which much increases the specific surface area and benefits the rapid transport of ions through the microchannels on the nanocage shells. This study provides a new thought to develop the advanced supercapacitor electrode materials.

Key words: supercapacitor, mesostructured carbon nanocage, carbothermal reduction activation, enlarging pore sizes, ion transport channel

Cite this article

Jia Liu, Guanghai Chen, Yiqun Chen, Jietao Jiang, Xiao Xiao, Qiang Wu, Lijun Yang, Xizhang Wang, Zheng Hu. Boosting the Supercapacitance Performance of Mesostructured Carbon Nanocages by Enlarging Pore Sizes via Carbothermal Reduction^★[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(7): 709-716.

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Figure 1. Preparation and structural characterizations of hCNC-x. (a) Schematic preparation process. (b~i) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of MgO@C (b, c)、FeOOH/(MgO@C)-0.5% (d, e)、hCNC-0.5% (f, g) and hCNC (h, i). (j) XRD patterns. (k) TG-MS plots of FeOOH/(MgO@C)-0.5%, m/z presents mass charge ratio (The signal of H, H2O and CO2 occurs in carbothermal reduction reaction at 300~400 ℃). Inset of (e) is corresponding high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image. The lattice spacing of 0.623 nm of the nanoparticle corresponds to the (020) lattice plane of FeOOH (PDF No. 76-2301)

Figure 2. Evolution of physical parameters for hCNC before and after enlarging pore sizes. (a) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. (b) Pore size distributions, inset is the local enlargement of the micropore distributions. (c) Specific surface area (SSA), pore volume and bulk conductivity. (d) Raman spectra. ID/IG represents the ratio of peak areas of D- and G-band

Figure 3. Electrochemical performance of hCNC before and after enlarging pore sizes in 6 mol?L－1 KOH electrolyte. (a) CV curves at the scan rate of 100 mV?s－1. (b) CP curves at the current densities of 1 and 200 A?g－1, respectively. (c) Plots of Cwt versus current density. (d) Nyquist plots. (e) Ragone plots. (f) Cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency of hCNC-0.5% at the current density of 50 A?g－1

Figure 4. Electrochemical performance of hCNC before and after enlarging pore sizes in EMIMBF4 electrolyte. (a) CV curves at the scan rate of 100 mV?s－1. (b) CP curves at the current densities of 1 and 200 A?g－1, respectively. (c) Plots of Cwt versus current density. (d) Ragone plots

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碳热还原活化扩孔提升介观结构碳纳米笼超级电容器性能^★

Boosting the Supercapacitance Performance of Mesostructured Carbon Nanocages by Enlarging Pore Sizes via Carbothermal Reduction^★

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碳热还原活化扩孔提升介观结构碳纳米笼超级电容器性能★

Boosting the Supercapacitance Performance of Mesostructured Carbon Nanocages by Enlarging Pore Sizes via Carbothermal Reduction★

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Supporting Info.

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Abstract

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References 33

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碳热还原活化扩孔提升介观结构碳纳米笼超级电容器性能^★

Boosting the Supercapacitance Performance of Mesostructured Carbon Nanocages by Enlarging Pore Sizes via Carbothermal Reduction^★