Self-assembly Fabrication and Applications of Photonic Crystal Structure Color Materials★

doi:10.6023/A23030080

Abstract

Photonics crystals are structures composed of materials with different refractive indices arranged periodically. Due to their unique optical properties and excellent color saturation, they have become the most important type of structural color materials. In the past few decades, the fabrication of photonic crystals using self-assembly of nanoparticles has attracted widespread research attention due to its precision, low cost, and ease of large-scale production. The recent research progress on photonic crystal structural color materials, including their basic color production mechanisms, fabrication methods, and practical applications in displays, color sensing, and information anti-counterfeiting encryption is reviewed with focuses on the fabrication of photonic crystal structural colors using a “bottom-up” self-assembly approach. And the methods for producing photonic crystal patterns and large-area structural color films are emphasized. Finally, the challenges faced by current self-assembly fabrication of photonic crystal structural color materials and prospects for future development directions are discussed.

Key words: photonic crystal, structural color, self-assembly, patterning, colorimetric sensing, anti-counterfeiting

Cite this article

Liwei Hu, Xianhu Liu, Chuntai Liu, Yanlin Song, Mingzhu Li. Self-assembly Fabrication and Applications of Photonic Crystal Structure Color Materials^★[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(7): 809-819.

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Fig. & Tab. 8

Figure 1. Classification of photonic crystals and the structural colors of photonic crystals in nature (a) Classification of photonic crystals[26]. Copyright 2008 Princeton University Press. (b) Angle-independent color of butterfly[35]. Copyright 2016 Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (c) Chiral structural colors of beetle[36]. Copyright 2009 American Association for the Advancement of Science. (d) Synergetic color of pigment color and structural color in bird feathers[39]. Copyright 2003 National Academy of Sciences, USA.

Figure 2. External field-driven self-assembly of nanoparticles (a) Electric field-driven self-assembly[45]. Copyright 1999 Springer Nature. (b) Magnetic field-driven self-assembly[46]. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society. (c) Friction-driven self-assembly[47]. Copyright 2014 Wiley-VCH. (d) Shear force-driven self-assembly[51]. Copyright 2021 Elsevier.

Figure 3. Fabrication of photonic crystals using (a) vertical deposition[52] (Copyright 2001 Springer Nature) and (b) fabrication of photonic crystals using dip-coating pull-up method[57] (Copyright 2014 the Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Figure 4. Fabrication of patterned photonic crystals (a) Fabrication of spherical photonic crystals by microfluidics[60]. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society. (b) Fabrication one-dimensional photonic crystals[63]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier. (c) Inkjet printing of patterned photonic crystals[69]. Copyright 2019 the Royal Society of Chemistry. (d) 3D printing of shaped photonic crystals[71]. Copyright 2022 Springer Nature.

Figure 5. Preparation of large-scale photonic crystals (a) Schematic illustration of spin-coating method[72]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society. (b) Schematic illustration of slit-scraping method[74]. Copyright 2018 Springer Nature. (c) Preparation of large-area photonic crystal film by spray-coating[75]. Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH. (d) Preparation of wafer-level photonic crystal by spin-coating[76]. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. (e) Fabrication of photonic crystal by gas-liquid interface self-assembly[77]. Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH.

Figure 6. Display of photonic crystal structural colors (a) Electrically-driven photonic crystal ink[13]. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH. (b) Photonic crystal-kirigami and stress-driven display[40]. Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH.

Figure 7. Colorimetric sensing of photonic crystals (a) Stress detection using color visualization of photonic crystals[74]. Copyright 2018 Springer Nature. (b) Temperature detection using color visualization of spherical photonic crystals[90]. Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH. (c) Detection of viruses using one-dimensional photonic crystal chains[63]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

Figure 8. Anti-counterfeiting and information encryption of photonic crystals (a) Angle-dependent anti-counterfeiting of photonic crystal structural colors[91]. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. (b) Encrypted coding of photonic crystal colors[92]. Copyright 2017 the Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Polarization encryption of composite-structured photonic crystal colors[93]. Copyright 2022 Wiley-VCH.

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光子晶体结构色材料的自组装制备与应用^★