Recent Progress of Two-step Spin-coated Formamidinium Lead-based Perovskite Solar Cells

doi:10.6023/A24040134

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 82 ›› Issue (9): 987-1000.DOI: 10.6023/A24040134 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

旋涂两步法甲脒铅基钙钛矿太阳能电池近期研究进展

陈宇波^a,†, 郑德旭^b,†, 王楠^a, 刘吉双^b, 于凤阳^a^,^*(), 吴飒建^b, 刘生忠^a^,^c^,^*(), 李智鹏^b

a 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所大连清洁能源国家实验室大连 116023
b 中核光电科技(上海)有限公司上海 201306
c 陕西师范大学材料科学与工程学院应用表面与胶体化学教育部重点实验室陕西省先进能源器件重点实验室陕西省先进能源技术工程实验室先进能源材料研究所西安 710119

投稿日期:2024-04-29 发布日期:2024-07-09

作者简介:

陈宇波, 山西大学2022级硕士研究生, 研究方向为钙钛矿太阳能电池.

于凤阳, 博士, 2015年于陕西师范大学获材料化学学士学位, 2021年于日本九州工业大学获得工学博士学位, 目前主要从事钙钛矿太阳能光电器件性能研究.

刘生忠, 教授, 陕西师范大学-中国科学院大连化学物理研究所特聘教授, 洁净能源国家实验室太阳能部副部长、陕西师范大学新能源高等技术研究院院长, 陕西省能源新材料与器件重点实验室主任、陕西师范大学陕西省能源新技术工程实验室主任, 陕西师范大学应用表面与胶体化学教育部重点实验室表界面化学与能源材料方向带头人. 研究领域集中在太阳能电池、钙钛矿单晶材料、纳米材料、薄膜材料、光电功能材料、激光表面处理和光伏技术的开发、放大和生产.

基金资助:
国家重点研究计划项目(2022YFE0138100); 国家重点研究计划项目(SQ2022YFE010083); 国家自然科学基金项目(52350710208); 榆林学院合作基金和大连清洁能源国家实验室项目(YLU-DNL基金2022011)

Recent Progress of Two-step Spin-coated Formamidinium Lead-based Perovskite Solar Cells

Yubo Chen^a,†, Dexu Zheng^b,†, Nan Wang^a, Jishuang Liu^b, Fengyang Yu^a,*(), Sajian Wu^b, Shengzhong Liu^a^,^c,*(), Zhipeng Li^b

a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
b CNNP Optoelectronics Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201306, China
c Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Material: Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China

Received:2024-04-29 Published:2024-07-09
Contact: *E-mail: yufengyang@dicp.ac.cn;szliu@dicp.ac.cn
About author:
† These authors contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Key Research Program of China(2022YFE0138100); National Key Research Program of China(SQ2022YFE010083); National Nature Science Foundation of China(52350710208); Cooperation Foundation of Yulin University, and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL fund 2022011)

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Abstract

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained much attention due to their superior photoelectric conversion performance, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cells prepared in laboratories up to 26%. However, despite these advancements, the scaling-up process often leads to significant efficiency losses, which limits its further commercialization. It is crucial to develop an affordable, scalable, and controllable production method. The most commonly used preparation methods for perovskite films are the one-step method and the two-step method. Unfortunately, the one-step method suffers from a narrow processing window and environmental concerns as it requires the addition of an anti-solvent, which leads to poor reproducibility and hinders the scaling-up process. In contrast, the two-step method exhibits high reproducibility and friendliness to operators and the environment as perovskite films' growth is divided into two parts. In addition, the two-step spin coating solution method stands out for its easy fabrication, good repeatability, and high operability. It is conducive to the controllable preparation of high-quality large-area perovskite films and has great potential in commercial applications. Based on the characteristics that the preparation of perovskite is divided into two steps, the two-step solution method has more regulatory directions, and a lot of research work has been reported. In this review, the recent progress and the problems of the two-step spin coating solution method in additive engineering, interface modification, solvent engineering, and other engineering are described in detail, and the challenges and future research prospects of the two-step spin coating solution method are also analyzed. Additive engineering involves incorporating additives into inorganic components, organic components, and charge transport layers. Interface modification encompasses electron transport layer- perovskite interface as well as perovskite-hole transport layer interfaces. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the research of large-area and high-performance perovskite solar cells.

Key words: perovskite, solar cells, two-step, spin-coating, photoelectric conversion efficiency

Cite this article

Yubo Chen, Dexu Zheng, Nan Wang, Jishuang Liu, Fengyang Yu, Sajian Wu, Shengzhong Liu, Zhipeng Li. Recent Progress of Two-step Spin-coated Formamidinium Lead-based Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(9): 987-1000.

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Materials	Structure	Area/cm²	PCE/%	Date	Ref.
SA	ITO/SnO₂//FA_xMA_1-_xPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	23.56	2023.1.7	[39]
EMIMBF₄	ITO/SnO₂/FA_xMA_1-_xPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	24.28	2023.11.22	[63]
GBA	FTO/c-TiO₂/FA_0.98MA_0.02PbI₃/o-F-PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.08	25.32	2023.9.28	[64]
CsX	ITO/SnO₂/CsX Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.09	20.29	2023.5.13	[52]
EuBr₂	ITO/ SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.089	23.04	2024.1.1	[53]
PFAT	glass ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.0557	24.52	2023.1.18	[62]
MAAc	ITO/SnO₂/MAAc-assisted perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	23.36	2022.10.27	[47]
2F-PAE	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite with 2F-PAE/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.69	2023.10.12	[49]
HMPA	FTO/TiO₂/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	20.84	2023.5.11	[41]
UiO-66	ITO/SnO₂/UiO-66-assistedperovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.05	2023.1.18	[42]
EHA	ITO/SnO₂/FA_0.92MA_0.08PbI₃/PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO₃/Ag	0.04	24.10	2022.11.10	[61]
MZ	PET/ITO/SnO₂/Peroskite/SpiroOMeTAD/Au	0.062	23.94	2023.8.14	[50]
HCOOK	(ITO)/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.0902	23.8	2023.6.9	[54]
AtaCl	ITO/2PACz/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag(p-i-n)	0.05	25.7	2023.8.8	[18]
EIMS	ITO/SnO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	22.1	2023.3.9	[43]
AmG	FTO/c-TiO₂/perovskite/Spiro-MeOTAD/Au	0.125	23.46	2023.9.5	[44]
TMSOI	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.125	24.65	2023.12.13	[45]
BU	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	23.5	2023.8.14	[46]
4-AcM	FTO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	24.04	2024.1.19	[68]
BA₂PbI₄	glass/ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.04	24.3	2023.12.15	[58]
FAAc	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	24.41	2024.3.7	[48]
Cd(Ac)₂	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.8885	24.46	2023.6.29	[55]
MoSe₂	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	22.8	2023.5.13	[56]
OETC	PET/ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.062	23.4	2023.1.17	[65]
MS	PEN/ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.10128	23.6	2022.9.28	[66]
PA PAD	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite (PA and PAD)/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.18	2023.2.23	[67]
RbCl MDACl₂	Glass/ITO/SnO₂/FA_0.75MA_0.25PbI₃/OAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.76	2023.11.25	[68]
IU	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	23.18	2023.12.6	[70]
Hydantoin	glass/FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	25.16	2024.4.3	[71]
Starch-I₂	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.14	22.60	2024.3.25	[51]
BPCSA-S	ITO/NiO_x/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag	Unknown	22.07	2024.3.4	[59]
BAI	FTO/compact TiO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	20.8	2024.3.19	[60]
FAPbI₃	ITO/SnO₂/Active Layer/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.1	23.16	2023.1.17	[57]
NaHCO₃	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.1	24.0	2023.5.9	[40]

Materials	Structure	Area/cm²	PCE/%	Date	Ref.
SA	ITO/SnO₂//FA_xMA_1-_xPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	23.56	2023.1.7	[39]
EMIMBF₄	ITO/SnO₂/FA_xMA_1-_xPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	24.28	2023.11.22	[63]
GBA	FTO/c-TiO₂/FA_0.98MA_0.02PbI₃/o-F-PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.08	25.32	2023.9.28	[64]
CsX	ITO/SnO₂/CsX Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.09	20.29	2023.5.13	[52]
EuBr₂	ITO/ SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.089	23.04	2024.1.1	[53]
PFAT	glass ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.0557	24.52	2023.1.18	[62]
MAAc	ITO/SnO₂/MAAc-assisted perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	23.36	2022.10.27	[47]
2F-PAE	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite with 2F-PAE/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.69	2023.10.12	[49]
HMPA	FTO/TiO₂/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	20.84	2023.5.11	[41]
UiO-66	ITO/SnO₂/UiO-66-assistedperovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.05	2023.1.18	[42]
EHA	ITO/SnO₂/FA_0.92MA_0.08PbI₃/PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO₃/Ag	0.04	24.10	2022.11.10	[61]
MZ	PET/ITO/SnO₂/Peroskite/SpiroOMeTAD/Au	0.062	23.94	2023.8.14	[50]
HCOOK	(ITO)/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.0902	23.8	2023.6.9	[54]
AtaCl	ITO/2PACz/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag(p-i-n)	0.05	25.7	2023.8.8	[18]
EIMS	ITO/SnO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	22.1	2023.3.9	[43]
AmG	FTO/c-TiO₂/perovskite/Spiro-MeOTAD/Au	0.125	23.46	2023.9.5	[44]
TMSOI	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.125	24.65	2023.12.13	[45]
BU	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	23.5	2023.8.14	[46]
4-AcM	FTO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	24.04	2024.1.19	[68]
BA₂PbI₄	glass/ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.04	24.3	2023.12.15	[58]
FAAc	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	24.41	2024.3.7	[48]
Cd(Ac)₂	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.8885	24.46	2023.6.29	[55]
MoSe₂	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	22.8	2023.5.13	[56]
OETC	PET/ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.062	23.4	2023.1.17	[65]
MS	PEN/ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.10128	23.6	2022.9.28	[66]
PA PAD	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite (PA and PAD)/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.18	2023.2.23	[67]
RbCl MDACl₂	Glass/ITO/SnO₂/FA_0.75MA_0.25PbI₃/OAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	23.76	2023.11.25	[68]
IU	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	23.18	2023.12.6	[70]
Hydantoin	glass/FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	25.16	2024.4.3	[71]
Starch-I₂	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.14	22.60	2024.3.25	[51]
BPCSA-S	ITO/NiO_x/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag	Unknown	22.07	2024.3.4	[59]
BAI	FTO/compact TiO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	20.8	2024.3.19	[60]
FAPbI₃	ITO/SnO₂/Active Layer/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.1	23.16	2023.1.17	[57]
NaHCO₃	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.1	24.0	2023.5.9	[40]

Materials	Structure	Area/cm²	PCE/%	Date	Ref.
3Cl-BZH	ITO/RbF-SnO₂/CsFAMAPVK/NMABr/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	24.08	2023.11.13	[81]
PAA	FTO/SnO₂/Perovskite/OAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.0514	24.19	2023.2.28	[84]
HFB	FTO/SnO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.0831	26.07	2023.11.16	[82]
SEH+AM1	glass/FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	20.10	2023.1.4	[83]
FS-3100	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.16	21.72	2023.6.7	[79]
FBAD	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro/Au	0.04	24.08	2023.3.21	[72]
TEMPO	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.04	25.03	2024.3.26	[73]
CF₃BZAI	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	22.4	2022.11.29	[74]
CHX	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	22.84	2024.3.29	[75]
GlyHCl	glass/FTO/SnO₂/FAMA-GlyHCl perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	19.40	2024.1.23	[76]
PTAC	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	24.51	2024.2.24	[77]
PAD	(ITO)/SnO₂/FA_0.95Cs_0.05PbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag(or Au)	0.1	24.0	2023.7.26	[80]
NH₄X	ITO/SnO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	24.11	2023.4.23	[85]
IL	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	24.09	2023.5.25	[84]
TES	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	22.67	2023.12.2	[87]
AMIMTFSI	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.16	24.16	2024.1.23	[88]
tBAI	FTO/TiO₂/Cs_0.05tBA_0.05(FA_0.8MA_0.2)_0.9PbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	17.08	2023.4.10	[78]

Materials	Structure	Area/cm²	PCE/%	Date	Ref.
3Cl-BZH	ITO/RbF-SnO₂/CsFAMAPVK/NMABr/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	24.08	2023.11.13	[81]
PAA	FTO/SnO₂/Perovskite/OAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.0514	24.19	2023.2.28	[84]
HFB	FTO/SnO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.0831	26.07	2023.11.16	[82]
SEH+AM1	glass/FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	20.10	2023.1.4	[83]
FS-3100	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.16	21.72	2023.6.7	[79]
FBAD	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro/Au	0.04	24.08	2023.3.21	[72]
TEMPO	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.04	25.03	2024.3.26	[73]
CF₃BZAI	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	22.4	2022.11.29	[74]
CHX	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	22.84	2024.3.29	[75]
GlyHCl	glass/FTO/SnO₂/FAMA-GlyHCl perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	19.40	2024.1.23	[76]
PTAC	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.09	24.51	2024.2.24	[77]
PAD	(ITO)/SnO₂/FA_0.95Cs_0.05PbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag(or Au)	0.1	24.0	2023.7.26	[80]
NH₄X	ITO/SnO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	24.11	2023.4.23	[85]
IL	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	24.09	2023.5.25	[84]
TES	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	22.67	2023.12.2	[87]
AMIMTFSI	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.16	24.16	2024.1.23	[88]
tBAI	FTO/TiO₂/Cs_0.05tBA_0.05(FA_0.8MA_0.2)_0.9PbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	17.08	2023.4.10	[78]

Type	Materials	Structure	Area/cm²	PCE/%	Date	Ref.
ETL	FOA	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/SpiroOMeTAD/MoO₃/Ag	0.037	25.05	2023.7.17	[91]
	FAI+CsBr	Glass/ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.0928	24.26	2023.3.23	[92]
	PAA	FTO/PAA@SnO₂/(FAPbI₃)_0.97(MAPbBr₃)_0.03/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	17.2	2024.1.9	[89]
	(NH₄)₁₀W₁₂O₄₁•xH₂O	FTO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	21.83	2024.1.18	[90]
HTL	CMABr	FTO/compactTiO₂/triple-cation perovskite/ Spiro-OMeTAD with and without CMABr/Au	0.125	23.56	2022.10.22	[93]

旋涂两步法甲脒铅基钙钛矿太阳能电池近期研究进展

Recent Progress of Two-step Spin-coated Formamidinium Lead-based Perovskite Solar Cells

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Materials	Structure	Area/cm²	PCE/%	Date	Ref.
CH₃COOK	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	23.63	2023.5.24	[94]
CsF	ITO/SnO₂/CsF/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	Unknown	23.13	2022.11.29	[95]
2-Br-PEAI	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/2-Br-PEAI/spiro-OMeTAD/MoO₃/Ag	0.1	24.22	2022.1.18	[107]
OAI+GACl	Glass/ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/passivation layer/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.1196	25.43	2023.6.26	[124]
ZIF-8@FAI	ITO/SnO₂/ZIF-8@FAI/PVSK/PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	24.08	2023.4.22	[96]
HTAB	Glass/ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/HTAB/P3HT/Carbon	0.125	16.08	2023.1.23	[109]
FSA	ITO/SnO₂/FSA/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.085	24.1	2022.7.11	[97]
KFSI	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/PEAI/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.04	23.21	2022.12.9	[98]
PFACl	glass/FTO/SnO₂/3Dperovskite/1D perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.148	24.9	2023.11.7	[110]
SnO₂	FTO/Bilayer SnO₂/FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.05	23.86	2022.10.22	[99]
F-TiOx	PET/ITO/ETL/MHP/HTL/Ag	0.049	22.7	2023.1.3	[100]
TiO₂	FTO/TiO₂/SnO₂/perovskite/PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.5	24.8	2024.3.21	[101]
SnO₂	PET/ITO/CBD-SnO₂/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	25.09	2024.3.22	[102]
TFPhFACl	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/TFPhFACl/spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	24.00	2022.11.28	[111]
CsBr NCs	ITO/SnO₂/ FAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	Unknown	23.22	2023.10.24	[112]
PFN-Br+PEAI	ITO/PTAA/FAMAPbI₃-based perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Cu	Unknown	23.4	2023.12.18	[122]
CHCl	ITO/PTAA/cholinehalide/perovskite/CHCl/PCBM/BCP/Ag	0.05	22.61	2023.5.8	[113]
PyI	ITO/PTAA/perovskite/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	0.8313	24.48	2023.1.29	[115]
AtaCl	ITO/PTAA/FA_0.85Cs_0.15PbI₃/PCBM/Ag	0.09	24.27	2023.10.3	[103]
THF/MBM	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/(modification layer)/Spiro-OMeTAD	Unknown	24.17	2023.12.30	[116]
Cl₄Tm	ITO/SnO₂/Perovskite/Ligand 2D/PTAA/Au	0.05	24.6	2023.6.7	[123]
PPAI	ITO/PTAA/perovskite/with or without PA iodides/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	0.044	24.2	2022.12.19	[117]
PMAI	FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/PMAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.072	24.10	2023.4.20	[118]
MA-WO_x	ITO/PTAA/PVSK/C60/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag	0.0805	23.33	2023.4.15	[125]
TMSI	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/TMSI/spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.1	24.03	2023.8.26	[114]
Rb₂CO₃	ITO/SnO₂/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.08313	22.7	2023.3.20	[104]
F₇₀PD	ITO/SnO₂/fullerene/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.12	24.09	2023.8.3	[105]
(o-AMP)Br	FTO/NiO_x:Sr/perovskite/PC₆₁BM/BCP/Ag	0.0625	22.0	2023.12.6	[106]
R-LIPF	FTO/TiO₂/(FAPbI₃)_0.95(MAPbBr₃)_0.05/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au or MoO₃/Ag	0.0725	22.45	2022.12.20	[119]
PEOXA	FTO/SnO₂/(FAPbI₃)_0.95(MAPbBr₃)_0.05/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	0.049	25.51	2024.3.26	[120]
BPCSA	Substrate/NiO_x/In-situ 2D Perovskite/3D Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag	Unknown	23.45	2023.5.27	[121]
淀粉-多碘化物	ITO/ETL/Iodide buffer layer/perovskite/spiro-OMATAD/Au	0.8313	23.9	2023.9.21	[108]

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