Dynamic Intelligent Multi-functional System Based on Hollow Structure

doi:10.6023/A25090315

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 84 ›› Issue (2): 264-273.DOI: 10.6023/A25090315 Previous Articles

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动态智能的中空结构多功能体系

赵德偲^a^,^*(), 康乃馨^a^,^b, 王丹^c^,^*()

^a 中国科学院过程工程研究所生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室北京 100190
^b 中国科学院大学北京 100049
^c 深圳大学化学与环境工程学院化学与环境工程学院广东深圳 518071

投稿日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-11-12

作者简介:

赵德偲, 中国科学院过程工程研究所副研究员. 2022年于中国科学院过程工程研究所获得工学博士学位. 主要从事中空多壳层结构生物材料的设计合成及应用研究, 近五年以第一/通讯作者在Nat. Commun.、Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.、Adv. Mater.等期刊发表论文.

王丹, 深圳大学特聘教授. 从事无机多功能结构体系的合成化学研究. 获国家基金委杰出青年基金, 国务院特殊津贴专家, 中组部万人计划科技创新领军人才, 科技部中青年科技创新领军人才等. 现任中国化学会会士、英国皇家化学会会士、国际溶剂热水热协会理事. 在Nature, Nat. Rev. Chem., Nat. Energy, Nat. Chem., Nat. Commun., Chem, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Adv. Mater., Energy Environ. Sci.等期刊发表学术论文250余篇, SCI他引2.3万余次, H因子81, 连续6年入选科睿唯安高被引科学家.

基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金(52202354); 生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室开放基金(2023KF-04)

Dynamic Intelligent Multi-functional System Based on Hollow Structure

Decai Zhao^a^,^*(), Naixin Kang^a^,^b, Dan Wang^c^,^*()

^a State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^c College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, Guangdong, China

Received:2025-09-18 Published:2025-11-12
Contact: *E-mail: dczhao@ipe.ac.cn;danwang@szu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202354); Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery(2023KF-04)

The dynamic evolution of living organisms has inspired extensive research on multi-level dynamic assembly materials, a cutting-edge direction in materials chemistry that bridges fundamental science and practical applications. Driven by dynamic chemistry, these materials rely on covalent and non-covalent interactions to gain intelligent properties like stimulus responsiveness, structural reversibility and self-healing, strongly supporting their great potential in biomedicine, especially in precise diagnosis and targeted therapy. Hollow structures, featuring unique spatial configurations, high volume ratio cavities and modifiable surfaces properties, are inspired by natural systems like cells and blood vessels. It naturally fulfills indispensable functions of protection, loading and transportation. Through elaborate internal space design, researchers have further constructed multi-core, multi-shell, and multi-compartment structures, significantly expanding the hollow structure’s functional boundaries and application scenarios, and endowing it with irreplaceable advantages in drug delivery, energy conversion and storage. Combining these advantages, dynamic intelligent hollow materials have emerged as a prominent research hotspot in biomedicine, while facing critical challenges. Their design demands establishing clear structure-activity relationships to achieve controllable fabrication of multi-level structures and precise regulation of size and morphology. Additionally, these materials must integrate core functions including targeting, theranostics and self-healing, while balancing in vivo stability, biocompatibility and metabolic safety, and effectively resolving the controllability and long-term efficacy of dynamic evolution under complex and dynamic physiological environments. This review presents systematic strategies for constructing multifunctional systems with dynamic hollow structures, focusing on the systematic summary of dynamic building blocks (e.g., polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, biological macromolecules) and driving forces (including pH, light and solvent environment), classified into top-down and bottom-up approaches. Furthermore, applications of dynamic hollow structures in drug delivery, disease detection, and cancer treatment are discussed in detail. Finally, the review provides a forward-looking perspective on the rational design and synthesis of hollow multishelled structure, as well as their application prospects in hierarchical targeted therapy, pulsed drug release, and theragnostic integration, aiming to guide the development of next-generation advanced biomaterials.

Key words: dynamic intelligent, hollow multishelled structure, drug delivery, hollow structure, biomaterials

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Decai Zhao, Naixin Kang, Dan Wang. Dynamic Intelligent Multi-functional System Based on Hollow Structure[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2026, 84(2): 264-273.

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Fig. & Tab. 9

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the design and application of dynamic intelligent multi-functional system based on hollow structure

Figure 2. Schematic diagram for different driving force induce dynamic changes of structure. (a) pH-driven; (b) light-driven; (c) solvent environment-driven

Figure 3. Bottom-up strategy to synthesize dynamic hollow structure. (a) Schematic diagram of the process of assembling colloidal nanoparticles into hollow structures inside polymer nanocapsules. Reprinted with permission from ref. [21]. Copyright © 2021 Wiley-VCH. (b) Synthesis diagram of POSS-based assemblies with different morphologies. Reprinted with permission from ref. [26]. Copyright © 2021 Chinese Chemical Society

Figure 4. Design and drug delivery of dynamic hollow silica. (a) Schematic diagram of biodegradable SiO2 drug carrier. Reprinted with permission from ref. [31]. Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. (b) Schematic diagram of biodegradable hollow multi-shell SiO2 for adaptive drug delivery. Reprinted with permission from ref. [32]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

Figure 5. Dynamic hollow structure for drug delivery. (a) Schematic diagram of synthesis of microbubble assembly with nanomedicine as shells. (b) Schematic diagram of targeted delivery of microbubble for thrombolysis. Reprinted with permission from ref. [34]. Copyright © 2020 AAAS

Figure 6. Dynamic hollow structure for disease detection. (a) Surface modification of Au nanospheres; (b) Surface modification of gold/silver alloy cubes; (c) miRNA-triggered self-assembly and detection; (d) TEM images of the assembly. Reprinted with permission from ref. [38]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley-VCH

Figure 7. Application of dynamic hollow materials in tumor therapy. (a) Tumor environment-induced particle aggregation enhances retention and cell uptake strategy. Reprinted with permission from ref. [45], Copyright © 2013 ACS Publications. (b) Strategies to induce small-size vesicles in the tumor environment to promote deep tumor penetration. Reprinted with permission from ref. [49], Copyright © 2023 Springer Nature

Figure 8. Dynamic HoMS materials with hierarchical targeting capability

Figure 9. Design of HoMS with pulsatile drug delivery property

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动态智能的中空结构多功能体系

Dynamic Intelligent Multi-functional System Based on Hollow Structure

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