采用化学共沉淀法制备磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒, 以磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒为核, 通过碱催化正硅酸四乙酯水解法制备了具有核壳结构的磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs), 然后再利用化学共沉淀法制备了MNPs负载SnCl₂催化剂(SnCl₂@MNPs). 采用多种现代分析手段表征SnCl₂@MNPs的微观结构及其组成, 结果发现, SnCl₂均匀分散于MNPs表面, 且与MNPs之间形成较强的作用力. 通过SnCl₂@MNPs催化Biginelli反应来探究其催化性能, 结果发现, SnCl₂@MNPs能高效催化芳香醛或杂环醛、尿素或硫脲与α,β-二羰基化合物的三组分一锅法合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物, 且产率高达78%~96%. 由于SnCl₂@MNPs中活性组分SnCl₂在载体表面呈微粒形式存在, 从而增大了其与反应物的接触面积, 其高的催化活性归结于高度分散的SnCl₂与载体表面丰富的羟基簇的协同作用. 此外, SnCl₂@MNPs还具有强磁回收的特点, 该催化剂在磁力回收循环7次后, 仍然保持优异的催化性能.

The magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by a co-precipitation method. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with core-shell structure were constructed by alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and SnCl₂ grafted on MNPs (SnCl₂@MNPs) was successfully synthesized by a co-precipitation method. Then the catalyst of SnCl₂@MNPs was further analyzed by a series of modern characterization methods for exploring the microstructure and composition. The results showed that SnCl₂ was uniformly dispersed on the surfaces of MNPs and there were strong interaction forces between SnCl₂ and MNPs. Subsequently, the Biginelli reaction was performed to investigate the catalyst performance, the results showed that 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones were efficiently synthesized by a three component one-pot reactions of aromatic aldehydes or heterocyclic aldehydes, carbamide or thiourea, andα,β-dicarbonyl compounds with high yields of 78%~96%. The active fraction of SnCl₂ in SnCl₂@MNPs is uniformly distributed on the surface of MNPs and in the form of microcrystalline that increases the effective contact area with substrates. The highly activity of SnCl₂@MNPs is ascribed to the synergistic effect of SnCl₂ and the abundant hydroxyl cluster in MNPs. In addition, the catalyst can be recovered using an external magnetic field and reused at least 7 times without a considerable decrease in its catalytic activity.