疏水型催化剂在有机合成反应中的应用
收稿日期: 2024-06-12
修回日期: 2024-08-13
网络出版日期: 2024-09-19
基金资助
太原理工大学省部共建煤基能源清洁高效利用国家重点实验室开放基金(SKL202102); 山西省基础研究计划(202303021211033); 山西省基础研究计划(20210302124123)
Application of Hydrophobic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis Reactions
Received date: 2024-06-12
Revised date: 2024-08-13
Online published: 2024-09-19
Supported by
State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology(SKL202102); Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021211033); Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302124123)
在许多反应中通常不可避免地产生水或需要水, 水在反应中起着溶剂、反应物、副产物、催化剂或质子转移剂的作用, 在多相催化体系中可作为溶剂改善底物的亲水性, 进而促进反应的进行, 但在催化合成领域普遍认为水分子是一种破坏性因素, 会破坏金属活性位点, 导致催化剂性能下降甚至失活. 传统金属催化剂大多具有“水不稳定性”, 因此疏水催化剂或疏水微环境的构建及性能探究成为了研究热点. 以疏水催化剂为核心, 详细总结了以Pt、Pd、Fe、Co、Cu、Au、Ti、Rh等金属为活性位点设计并制备疏水催化剂的研究进展, 对疏水催化剂在氧化、还原、偶联及CO2转化等有机反应中的应用进行了归纳和分析, 阐释了针对特定反应体系构建具有适宜“亲疏水效应”催化剂, 并实现目标分子高效合成面临的挑战, 并对该领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望.
徐晶 , 张娟 , 高文超 , 孟凡会 , 杨朋 , 常宏宏 . 疏水型催化剂在有机合成反应中的应用[J]. 有机化学, 2025 , 45(1) : 136 -150 . DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202406019
Water is usually inevitably produced or needed in the reaction, and it plays the roles of solvent, reactant, by-product, catalyst or proton transfer agent in the reaction. It can be used as a solvent to improve the hydrophilicity of the substrate in multiphase catalytic systems, which can promote the reaction. But in the field of catalytic synthesis, it is widely recognized that water molecule is a destructive factor, which can destroy the active sites of metals, leading to the decrease of catalyst performance or even inactivation. Most of the traditional metal catalysts are “water-unstable”, so the construction and performance of hydrophobic catalysts or hydrophobic microenvironments have become a hot research topic. In this review, the research progress of designing and preparing hydrophobic catalysts using Pt, Pd, Fe, Co, Cu, Au, Ti, Rh and other metals as active sites is summarized in detail, and the organic applications of hydrophobic catalysts in oxidation, reduction, coupling and CO2 conversion are summarized and analyzed. It is also explained that the hydrophobic microenvironments with appropriate hydrophilic effect can be constructed for the specific reaction systems. The challenges of constructing catalysts with suitable “hydrophobic effect” for specific reaction systems and realizing efficient synthesis of target molecules are explained, and the future development trend of this field is also prospected.
Key words： hydrophobic modification; catalyst; organic synthesis; application
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