基于过渡金属π配位活化的芳香亲核取代反应研究进展
收稿日期: 2024-08-30
修回日期: 2024-09-10
网络出版日期: 2024-11-20
基金资助
浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2022SDXHDX0006)
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions via π-Coordination-Activation Transition Metals
Received date: 2024-08-30
Revised date: 2024-09-10
Online published: 2024-11-20
Supported by
“Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022SDXHDX0006)
以苯环为代表的芳香环作为一类重要的有机结构单元, 广泛存在于天然产物、药物与化工材料分子之中. 芳香亲核取代(SNAr)反应是实现芳香化合物官能团转化的重要策略之一. 传统SNAr反应主要适用于具有吸电子取代基的卤代苯和硝基苯类化合物, 存在显著的底物范围局限性. 化学家们发现亲电性过渡金属通过π配位活化模式, 可以有效地提高芳香化合物的亲电性, 因此通过制备η6-苯环类配合物极大地拓展了SNAr反应的应用范围. 近年来, 化学家们也致力于探索过渡金属催化的SNAr反应并取得了一定进展. 对铬(Cr)、铁(Fe)、钌(Ru)、锰(Mn)、铑(Rh)等过渡金属通过π配位活化芳香化合物而实现的SNAr反应进行了梳理与总结.
马伊璇 , 陈凯 , 石航 . 基于过渡金属π配位活化的芳香亲核取代反应研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2025 , 45(6) : 2074 -2085 . DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202408036
Aromatic rings are fundamental building blocks prevalent in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and chemical materials. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is one of the key strategies for functionalizing aromatic compounds. However, SNAr reaction has primarily been applied to aromatic compounds bearing electron-withdrawing substituents, which facilitate nucleophilic attack on the ring. The π-coordination with electrophilic transition metals can overcome this limitation by enhancing the electrophilicity of aromatic rings, leading to the successful development of numerous SNAr reactions involving arene π-complexes over the past several decades. Beyond stoichiometric reactions of preformed complexes, recent efforts have focused on exploring transition-metal-catalyzed SNAr reaction and obtained notable progress. This review highlights SNAr reactions mediated by transition metals, such as chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), manganese (Mn), and rhodium (Rh), emphasizing the role of π-coordination in activating the aromatic ring.
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