1 单原子掺杂的螺烯化合物
1.1 氮杂螺烯化合物
图1 (a) C的结构; (b) C在CH2Cl2和固态下的CPL光谱(插图: 365 nm紫外灯下的照片); (c) UV-Vis-NIR光谱监测不同量NOSbF6对(P,P)-C (c=5×10-3 mol/L, CH2Cl2/CH3CN)的化学氧化作用(插图: 加入NOSbF6后的溶液照片)[20]Figure 1 (a) Structures of C; (b) CPL spectra of C both in CH2Cl2 and in the film state (inset: photographs under 365 nm UV lamp); (c) Chemical oxidations of (P,P)-C (c=5×10-3 mol/L, CH2Cl2/CH3CN) with different amounts of NOSbF6 monitored by UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra (inset: photographs of solutions after addition of NOSbF6)[20] |
图2 (a) N7-BMes2和N7-TTM的结构; (b) N7-BMes2和N7-TTM在正己烷(c=1.0×10-5 mol/L)中的紫外-可见吸收(实线)和发射(虚线, λex=377 nm)图谱; (c, d) N7-BMes2 (CH2Cl2)和N7-TTM(正己烷)对映体的CPL光谱[21]Figure 2 (a) Structures of N7-BMes2 and N7-TTM; (b) UV-vis absorption (solid lines) and emission (dashed lines, λex=377 nm) spectra of N7-BMes2 and N7-TTM in n-hexane (c=1.0×10-5 mol/L); (c, d) CPL spectra of enantiomers for N7-BMes2 (in CH2Cl2) and N7-TTM (in n-hexane)[21] |
图3 (a)富电子大环1和2的结构; (b) 1和2在298 K下CH2Cl2中的CPL光谱(1.0×10-5 mol/L); (c)通过UV-vis-NIR吸收光谱监测1 (c=5×10-5 mol/L, CH2Cl2/CH3CN)在不同量NOSbF6作用下的化学氧化反应(插图: 加入NOSbF6后的溶液照片); (d)通过光谱电化学测量监测在施加扫描电压(0~2.5 V)时1在CH2Cl2中进行氧化过程的原位UV-vis-NIR光谱[22]Figure 3 (a) Structures of the electron-rich macrocycles 1 and 2; (b) Circularly polarized luminescence spectra (1.0×10-5 mol/L) in CH2Cl2 at 298 K of 1 and 2; (c) Chemical oxidations of 1 (c=5×10-5 mol/L, CH2Cl2/CH3CN) with different amounts of NOSbF6 monitored by UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra (inset: photographs of solutions after the addition of NOSbF6; (d) in situ UV/Vis-NIR spectra monitored by spectroelectrochemical measurements in CH2Cl2 upon the oxidation of 1 at increased scan potentials (0~2.5 V)[22] |
图5 (a)氮掺杂纳米石墨烯CPH-1~CPH-3的结构; (b, c) CPH-2和CPH-3在298 K下CH2Cl2中的CD和CPL光谱(1.0×10-5 mol/L)以及|gabs|和glum曲线[30]Figure 5 (a) Structures of the N-doped helical nonalternant nanographenes CPH-1~CPH-3; (b) CD spectra and |gabs| curves and (c) CPL emission spectra and glum curves of CPH-2 and CPH-3 measured in dichloromethane (1×10-5 mol/L) at 298 K[30] |
图7 (a)化合物7~10的结构; 在CH2Cl2中的(b) CD光谱, (c)紫外-可见光谱, (d) CPL光谱, 以及(e)荧光光谱(FL) (插图: 在CH2Cl2溶液中, 紫外光(λ=365 nm)照射下P构型化合物的照片)[32]Figure 7 (a) Structures of compounds 7~10; (b) CD, (c) UV/Vis, (d) CPL, and (e) FL spectra in CH2Cl2 (inset: photographs of dichloromethane solutions of each (P)-helicene under black light (λ=365 nm) are shown)[32] |
图10 (a)化合物[n]AH-Bum [m=(n-1)/2]、[9]AH、15、15-Et、15-Bu的结构; (b)室温下四氢呋喃溶液中化合物[9]AH-Bu4 (黑), [11]AH-Bu5 (红), [13]AH-Bu6 (蓝)和[15]AH-Bu6 (绿)的CD和CPL光谱; (c)化合物15-Et和15-Bu的CD和CPL光谱[41-42]Figure 10 (a) Structures of compounds [n]AH-Bum [m=(n-1)/2], [9]AH, 15, 15-Et and 15-Bu; (b) CD and CPL spectra of [9]AH-Bu4 (black), [11]AH-Bu5 (red), [13]AH-Bu6 (blue), and [15]AH-Bu6 (green) in THF at room temperature; (c) CD and CPL spectra of 15-Et and 15-Bu[41-42] |
1.2 硫杂螺烯化合物
图12 (a)化合物17、18的结构; (b)化合物17、18在CH2Cl2中的紫外-可见光谱(底部)和CD光谱(顶部); (c)化合物17、18在CH2Cl2中的荧光(底部)和CPL(顶部)光谱(1.0×10-5 mol/L)[46]Figure 12 (a) Structures of compounds 17 and 18; (b) UV-vis (bottom) and CD (top) spectra of 17 and 18 in dichloromethane; (c) Fluorescence (bottom) and CPL (top) spectra of 17 and 18 in dichloromethane (1.0×10-5 mol/L)[46] |
图16 (a)化合物DO7H、DT7H、DS7H的结构; (b)化合物DTH1、DTH2的结构; (c~d) DO7H、DT7H、DS7H、DTH1、DTH2在CH2Cl2溶液中的CD和CPL光谱(c=1×10-5 mol/L)[53-54]Figure 16 (a) Structures of compounds DO7H, DT7H, DS7H; (b) Structures of compounds DTH1, DTH2; (c~d) CD and CPL spectra of DO7H, DT7H, DS7H, DTH1, DTH2 in dichloromethane (c=1.0×10-5 mol/L)[53-54] |
1.3 氧杂螺烯化合物
2 多原子掺杂的螺烯化合物
图22 (a)化合物[8]HAB、[10]HAB、E[10]HAB-A、E[10]HAB-B和E[10]HAB-C的结构; (b)化合物[8]HAB和[10]HAB在CH2Cl2溶液中的CD和CPL光谱; 化合物E[10]HAB-A、E[10]HAB-B和E[10]HAB-C在CH2Cl2溶液中的(c) CD和(d) CPL光谱[67-68]Figure 22 (a) Structures of compounds [8]HAB, [10]HAB, E[10]HAB-A, E[10]HAB-B and E[10]HAB-C; (b) CD and CPL spectra of compounds [8]HAB and [10]HAB in dichloromethane; (c) CD and (d) CPL spectra of E[10]HAB-A, E[10]HAB-B and E[10]HAB-C in dichloromethane[67-68] |
3 结论与展望
表1 综述中所有化合物的发光量子效率、吸收不对称因子和发光不对称因子Table 1 Luminescence quantum efficiency (ΦF), absorption asymmetry factor (gabs) and luminescence asymmetry factor (glum) of all compounds |
| Compound | ΦF | gabs/10-3 | glum/10-3 | Compound | ΦF | gabs/10-3 | glum/10-3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.86 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 19 | 0.48 | 7.5 | 0.59 | |
| rac-N7-Bmes2 | 0.32 | 4.17 | 3.39 | DO7H | 0.71 | 10 | 0.75 | |
| rac-N7-TTM | 0.5 | 2.7 | 3.57 | DT7H | 0.43 | 14 | 1.2 | |
| 1 | 0.26 | 33 | 1.5 | DSTH | 0.31 | 7.2 | 1.1 | |
| 2 | 0.99 | 14 | 5 | DTH1 | 0.83 | 4 | 2.2 | |
| 3 | 0.45 | — | 2.4 | DTH2 | 0.91 | 5.3 | 2.1 | |
| CPH-3 | 0.32 | 10 | 7 | 20 | 0.04 | 6.1 | 1.8 | |
| 5 | 0.47 | 3.5 | 0.94 | 21 | 0.53 | 4.6 | 0.5 | |
| 6a | 0.01 | 2.5 | — | 22 | 0.26 | 4 | 1.6 | |
| 6b | 0.12 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 23 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 2.1 | |
| 7 | 0.44 | 4.7 | 2.3 | A | 3.1 | — | 1.58 | |
| 8 | 0.32 | 3.9 | 1.9 | A' | 3.5 | — | 4.3 | |
| 9 | 0.61 | 2.1 | 0.74 | 2B | — | 1.6 | 0.47 | |
| 10 | 0.54 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 2B·F | — | 3 | 1.7 | |
| 11 | 0.1 | 4.7 | 3.5 | BN-HC | 0.11 | 0.6 | — | |
| 12 | 0.22 | 3.7 | 2.4 | BiBH-HC | 0.2 | 2.19 | 1.95 | |
| 13 | — | 2.8 | — | BiBH-BiHC | 0.87 | 2.15 | 2.06 | |
| 14 | — | — | — | 24 | 0.72 | 1.7 | 1.5 | |
| 9AH-Bu4 | 0.16 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 25 | 0.85 | 1.3 | 1.1 | |
| 11AH-Bu5 | 0.16 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2-C1 | 0.85 | 1 | 0.75 | |
| 13AH-Bu6 | 0.09 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 2-C2 | 0.81 | 2.7 | 1.9 | |
| 15AH-Bu6 | 0.07 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 3-C2 | 0.59 | 4.1 | 2.3 | |
| 15 | 0.07 | — | — | BN[9]H | 0.98 | — | 5.8 | |
| 16-Et | 0.35 | 2.4 | 1 | [8]HAB | 0.31 | 36 | 24 | |
| 16-Bu | 0.35 | 2.3 | 1 | [10]HAB | 0.24 | 61 | 48 | |
| 16 | 0.4 | 2.98 | 4.3 | E[10]HAB-A | 0.82 | 24 | 17 | |
| 17 | 0.2 | — | 4.6 | E[10]HAB-B | 0.67 | 11 | 11 | |
| 18 | 3.5 | — | 12.5 | E[10]HAB-C | 0.72 | 12 | 8 | |
| TB[7]H | 0.19 | 3 | 15 | H1-M4 | 0.17 | 3.3 | 3.5 | |
| TS[7]H | — | 1 | — | SNSN-S | — | — | 1.2 |