强效神经毒剂Anatoxin-a的不对称合成研究进展
收稿日期: 2026-01-13
修回日期: 2026-02-23
网络出版日期: 2026-04-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(22271194)
上海中医药大学科研启动经费和上海市手性药物分子工程重点实验室开放课题资助项目
Advances in the Asymmetric Synthesis of the Potent Neurotoxin Anatoxin-a
Received date: 2026-01-13
Revised date: 2026-02-23
Online published: 2026-04-17
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271194)
Research Projects of Shanghai Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, and the Startup from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Anatoxin-a (ATX-a)是一种强效蓝藻神经毒素, 可作为烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)的高亲和力激动剂, 在环境毒理与神经药理学研究中均具有重要意义. 概述了ATX-a的生态环境影响和药理机制, 系统性总结了其不对称全合成研究进展. 主要不对称合成方法包括手性池原料利用、外消旋体拆分、辅基控制、手性锂试剂对映选择性烯醇化、酶催化拆分及催化不对称合成等. 现有合成方法在反应效率、底物普适性以及对母核骨架的修饰(如C1、C5~C8位点)方面仍存在局限. 未来通过发展高效的催化不对称合成策略, 有望进一步推动ATX-a及其类似物的制备与结构多样性衍生, 从而推动高灵敏度环境监测技术与nAChR靶向药物的开发. 旨在为跨学科研究提供合成化学与药理学、环境科学交叉融合的新视角.
关键词: Anatoxin-a; 不对称合成; 烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR); 构效关系; 生态环境毒性
董梅 , 林国强 , 洪然 , 黄莎华 , 谢昌敏 . 强效神经毒剂Anatoxin-a的不对称合成研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2026 , 46(6) : 2193 -2206 . DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202601017
Anatoxin-a (ATX-a) is a potent cyanobacterial neurotoxin and a high-affinity agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), making it significant in environmental toxicology and neuropharmacology. This article summarizes its ecological impact and pharmacological mechanism, with a focus on reviewing advances in its asymmetric total synthesis. Key strategies developed include the chiral pool approach, racemate resolution, auxiliary control, enantioselective enolization mediated by chiral lithium reagents, enzymatic resolution, and catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Despite these advancements, current methods are limited in efficiency, generality, and their ability to modify challenging core positions such as C1 and C5-C8. Future progress depends on developing more efficient and versatile catalytic asymmetric strategies. Such innovations will enable the efficient preparation and structural diversification of ATX-a analogues, thereby supporting the creation of highly sensitive environmental monitoring tools and the discovery of nAChR-targeted therapeutics. This review aims to provide an integrated perspective that bridges synthetic chemistry, pharmacology, and environmental science.
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