研究论文

铜催化6-氮杂尿嘧啶与环烷烃的交叉脱氢偶联反应

  • 王雷雷 a, ,
  • 吴娟娟 a, ,
  • 侯易 a ,
  • 王景和 a ,
  • 孙岩 a ,
  • 刘静 a ,
  • 郭佳蕾 a ,
  • 齐笑 a ,
  • 朱超 , a, * ,
  • 刘强 , c, * ,
  • 吕雷阳 , b, *
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  • a 德州学院药学院 新型药物辅料与缓控释制剂山东省工程研究中心 山东德州 253023
  • b 中国人民大学化学与生命资源学院 光转换材料与生物光子学实验室 北京 100872
  • c 大连理工大学医学部 大连 116024

†共同第一作者

收稿日期: 2026-03-27

  修回日期: 2026-05-19

  网络出版日期: 2026-06-11

基金资助

山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024QB405)

山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024QB406)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(24XNKJ27)

中国人民大学科研业务费专项资金(202530195)

Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of 6-Azauracils with Cycloalkanes

  • Leilei Wang a, ,
  • Juanjuan Wu a, ,
  • Yi Hou a ,
  • Jinghe Wang a ,
  • Yan Sun a ,
  • Jing Liu a ,
  • Jialei Guo a ,
  • Xiao Qi a ,
  • Chao Zhu , a, * ,
  • Qiang Liu , c, * ,
  • Leiyang Lv , b, *
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  • a Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Pharmacy, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023
  • b Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872
  • c Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024

†(These authors contributed equally to this work).

Received date: 2026-03-27

  Revised date: 2026-05-19

  Online published: 2026-06-11

Supported by

Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024QB405)

Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024QB406)

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(24XNKJ27)

Research Funds of Renmin University of China(202530195)

Copyright

© 2026 Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要

6-氮杂尿嘧啶作为一种重要的含氮芳香族化合物, 具有广泛的药理和生物学活性. 报道了铜催化6-氮杂尿嘧啶与环烷烃类化合物的交叉脱氢偶联反应. 该研究以CuI为催化剂, 二叔丁基过氧化物(DTBP)为氧化剂, 140 ℃条件下实现6-氮杂尿嘧啶的烷基化反应, 以中等至良好的收率合成了一系列烷基修饰的尿嘧啶化合物. 该反应具有良好的官能团相容性及广泛的底物普适性.

本文引用格式

王雷雷 , 吴娟娟 , 侯易 , 王景和 , 孙岩 , 刘静 , 郭佳蕾 , 齐笑 , 朱超 , 刘强 , 吕雷阳 . 铜催化6-氮杂尿嘧啶与环烷烃的交叉脱氢偶联反应[J]. 有机化学, 2026 , 46(7) : 2770 -2778 . DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202603035

Abstract

6-Azauracils, as an important class of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. A copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of 6-azauracils and cycloalkanes was reported. Using CuI as the catalyst and di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the oxidant, the C—H alkylation of 6-azauracils was successfully achieved at 140 ℃. This protocol enables the synthesis of structurally diverse alkylated uracil derivatives in moderate to good yields, featuring good functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope.

含氮杂环骨架作为天然产物及合成药物分子的核心药效团, 在药物与材料科学领域发挥着重要作用[1]. 其中, 1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮类化合物(6-氮杂尿嘧啶)作为经典尿嘧啶的生物电子等排体(bioisostere), 通过将C6位的次甲基替换为氮原子, 显著改变了分子的电子分布、氢键供体/受体模式及金属配位能力, 从而赋予其独特的药理学特性. 该类化合物在抗寄生虫、抗肿瘤、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)等方面展现出优异的药理活性[2], 例如抗寄生虫药Diclazuril[1b]、调控生殖的促性腺激素释放激素受体拮抗剂[3], 以及抗肿瘤的c-Met激酶抑制剂[4] (Scheme 1).
图式1 代表性具有生物活性的6-氮杂尿嘧啶分子

Scheme 1 Representative biological active 6-azauracil molecules

通过精准断裂惰性C—H键来构建C—C或C—杂原子键, 可显著提升合成路线的步骤经济性与原子经济性, 已成为现代合成化学与药物化学的前沿研究方向[5].近年来, 通过选择性C-烷基化等后期功能化策略向该骨架引入亲脂性基团, 以调控其理化性质与代谢稳定性, 受到了研究人员的广泛关注. 2021年, Kim课题组[6]以三烷基磺氧碘盐作为烷基化剂, 在80 ℃条件下首次实现了6-氮杂尿嘧啶C6位的直接C(sp2)—H官能化反应. 此后, 6-氮杂尿嘧啶C6位的直接官能团化反应研究取得了显著进展[7](Scheme 2). 例如, Kim课题组[8]报道了钴(II)催化的C—H烷基化反应, 以1,4-二氢吡啶(DHPs)为烷基前体, 通过钴(II)/溴酸钾协同催化生成烷基自由基, 实现对6-氮杂尿嘧啶的烷基化修饰. 李峰课题组[9]开发了银催化的6-氮杂尿嘧啶与脂肪羧酸的脱羧烷基化反应. 张宏宇课题组[10]报道了锰催化的6-氮杂尿嘧啶与环丙醇的开环烷基化反应.
图式2 代表性6-氮杂尿嘧啶的烷基化反应

Scheme 2 Representative alkylation reactions of 6-azauracils

尽管过渡金属催化的6-氮杂尿嘧啶的烷基化反应研究已取得重要进展, 但所采用的烷基试剂(如DHPs、环丙醇等)合成较为繁琐, 且反应中常伴随等物质的量的副产物的生成, 限制了其进一步应用. 因此, 发展结构简单的烷基化试剂, 以实现6-氮杂尿嘧啶的直接烷基化具有重要意义. 非活化烷烃(如环己烷、环戊烷)作为石油工业的基础原料, 以其直接作为烷基化试剂, 具有廉价易得的优势. 然而, 非活化烷烃的C(sp³)—H键离解能较高, 且缺乏极性或配位位点, 其活化转化较为困难[11]. 目前, 烷烃的直接官能团化可通过光催化等策略得以实现, 并展现出优异的选择性和官能团兼容性[12]. 例如, 陈弓课题组[13]在光照条件下实现了非活化烷烃与异喹啉的选择性Minisci反应. 雷爱文课题组[14]报道了电催化的非活化烷烃与氮杂芳烃的偶联反应. 王磊课题组[12c]开发了有机光电催化的氮杂芳烃与未活化C(sp3)—H化合物进行脱氢交叉偶联反应, 该方法无金属、无氧化剂、无外加氢原子转移(HAT)试剂. 已有光/电/光电催化策略虽然能绿色高效实现烷烃与氮杂芳烃的偶联, 但是多依赖专用设备、贵金属或特殊光/电催化剂. 但从实际应用角度出发, 发展更具成本效益与操作简便性的催化体系仍是该领域的重要方向.
铜作为地壳中丰度最高的过渡金属之一, 具有价格低廉、生物相容性好及氧化还原态丰富(0/I/II/III)等优 势[15]. 研究表明, 铜催化剂可通过Cu(I)/Cu(II)氧化还原循环介导氢原子转移(HAT)过程, 从非活化烷烃中攫取氢原子生成烷基自由基, 进而实现C—C键的构建[16]. 例如, 2017年, Soulé课题组[17]报道了铜催化烷烃与N-杂环芳烃的氧化脱氢偶联反应, 通过二叔丁基过氧化物(DTBP)引发, 实现了选择性N-烷基化. Chang课题组[18]则报道了铜催化烷烃与多氟芳烃的选择性烷基化反应. 然而, 铜催化非活化烷烃与氮杂尿嘧啶的直接C—H烷基化反应尚未见报道. 本研究利用廉价铜盐CuI与过氧化物DTBP协同催化氧化, 通过氢原子转移机制原位生成环己基自由基, 随后对氮杂尿嘧啶C6位进行Minisci型加成, 以中等至优异的收率得到氮杂尿嘧啶C6-烷基化产物. 操作简单, 相较于光或电催化易于推广至常规有机合成实验室, 适合批量合成和工业化潜力更大的场景, 该方法拓展了丰产金属催化非活化烷烃与缺电子杂芳烃交叉偶联的分子库, 也为氮杂核苷类药物的模块化合成提供了实用工具.

1 结果与讨论

以6-氮杂尿嘧啶衍生物(1a)和环己烷(2a)为模板底物, 以10 mol%的CuI为催化剂、3.0 equiv.的DTBP为氧化剂, 在140 ℃、氮气氛围下反应8 h, 以76%的分离收率得到目标产物3a. 随后系统地考察了催化剂、氧化剂以及各组分物质的量比等影响因素, 实验结果如表1所示. 在140 ℃的反应条件下, 以氯化铜、氯化亚铜、醋酸铜或溴化亚铜替换碘化亚铜, 发现改变阴离子种类会使产率有所下降, 但影响不大(Entries 2~5). 接着考察了不同金属催化剂的影响, 在标准条件下将碘化亚铜替换为三氯化铁、氯化锰、氯化钴和乙酰丙酮锰时, 其效果远不如碘化亚铜, 表明碘化亚铜对该反应有明显的促进作用(Entries 6~9). 随后, 进一步考察了氧化剂对反应的影响, 实验结果表明, 叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)效果中等, 而过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯(TBPB)、过硫酸钾不能促进反应进行(Entries 10~13). 还考察了催化剂和氧化剂不同物质的量比的影响, 发现15 mol%的碘化亚铜与标准条件下的产率相当(Entry 14), 而降低碘化亚铜的用量, 产率下降比较明显(Entry 15), 而增加或者减少DTBP的用量均会使反应产率下降(Entries 16、17). 当温度降至120 ℃时, 目标产物3a的收率仅为21% (Entry 18). 当不添加铜催化剂时, 能以30%的收率得到目标产物3a, 而不添加DTBP时, 未能检测到产物(Entries 19、20).
表1 反应条件优化a

Table 1 Optimization of reaction conditions

Entry Variation from standard conditions Yieldb/%
1 None 76
2 CuCl2 instead of CuI 70
3 CuCl instead of CuI 69
4 Cu(OAc)2 instead of CuI 72
5 CuBr instead of CuI 70
6 FeCl3 instead of CuI 60
7 MnCl2 instead of CuI 55
8 COCl2 instead of CuI 45
9 Mn(acac)3 instead of CuI 40
10 TBHP instead of DTBP 52
11 BPO instead of DTBP ND
12 TBPB instead of DTBP ND
13 K2S2O8 instead of DTBP ND
14 15 mol% CuI instead of 10 mol% CuI 75
15 5 mol% CuI instead of 10 mol% CuI 65
16 2.0 equiv. DTBP instead of 3.0 equiv. DTBP 51
17 4.0 equiv. DTBP instead of 3.0 equiv. DTBP 68
18 120 ℃ instead of 140 ℃ 21
19 Without CuI 30
20 Without DTBP ND

a Reaction conditions: 1a (0.1 mmol), 2a (1 mL), CuI (10 mol%) and DTBP (3.0 equiv.) at 140 ℃ for 8 h under N2. b Isolated yield.

在完成反应条件筛选后, 以环己烷为烷基化前体, 考察了6-氮杂尿嘧啶的底物适用范围(表2). 首先考察了N2和N4位不同取代基时的底物适用性. 实验结果表明, 当N2位为苄基取代时, N4位为甲基或苯乙基时, 能够以中等收率得到相应的目标产物(3b~3c). 当N4位为苄基对位带有供电子基团(甲基)或吸电子基团(如氯、氟、三氟甲基、氰基)取代时, 相应的目标产物收率中等至良好(3d~3i), 其中氰基取代会明显降低反应产率. 随后考察了N2和N4位为相同取代基时的底物适用性, 发现当N2和N4位均为苄基苯环上带有甲基、卤原子(氯或溴)、氰基取代的尿嘧啶时, 能以良好的收率得到相应的目标产物(3j~3n). N2和N4为烷基取代的6-氮杂尿嘧啶也获得了不错的结果(3o, 75%; 3p, 81%). 此外, 还发现N2位为苄基、N4位无取代基时, 产物收率中等(3q, 50%). 接下来考察了N2位置为芳基取代的氮杂尿嘧啶, 以中等收率得到目标产物(3r, 50%). 为了探究其底物适用性范围, 将此方法用于其他杂环修饰, 嘧啶、哌嗪、异喹啉均能得到目标产物(3s~3u), 但是产率较低. 为了验证其合成应用, 将反应应用于药物分子地克珠利和布洛芬衍生物的修饰, 均以良好的收率得到产物(3v~3w), 证明其可应用于药物修饰. 最后考察了不同的烷基的影响, 发现缩小或扩大烷基环、替换为含有杂原子的环或使用直链烷时, 均能以良好的收率得到相应的目标产物(3x~3aa).
表2 底物范围a

Table 2 Scope of substrates

a Reaction conditions: 1 (0.1 mmol), 2 (1.0 mL), CuI (10.0 mol%), DTBP (3.0 equiv.) under N2 in sealed tube at 140 ℃ for 8 h. Isolated yields were based on 1. b 1 (0.1 mmol), 2 (1.0 mL), CuI (10.0 mol%), DTBP (3.0 equiv.) under N2 in sealed tube at 160 ℃ for 8 h.

为了探究该反应的实用性, 进行了1.0 mmol的放大量实验. 6-氮杂尿嘧啶衍生物1a在标准条件下反应12 h, 能以63%的收率得到目标产物3a (Scheme 3a). 为了探究该反应机理, 进行了如下的控制实验: 在标准条件下加入2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)或2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚(BHT)时, 反应被抑制, 仅检测到痕量的目标产物3a, 同时通过高分辨检测到TEMPO与环己烷的结合产物的分子量, 说明该反应可能涉及自由基历程(Scheme 3b). 分子间的KIE竞争实验测得KH/KD=5.6, 表明环己烷上C—H键断裂是该反应的决速步(Scheme 3c).
图式3 放大量及控制实验

Scheme 3 Scale-up and control experiment

基于上述实验和相关文献报道[19], 提出了可能的反应机理(Scheme 4). 在加热条件下, CuI被DTBP氧化成CuII, 同时生成叔丁氧负离子与叔丁氧自由基. 叔丁氧自由基从环己烷中攫取一个氢原子, 生成环己基自由基并释放一分子叔丁醇. 环己基自由基对6-氮杂尿嘧啶(1a)的C=N双键发生自由基加成, 得到中间体A. 该中间体经CuII氧化、脱质子后, 得到产物3a.
图式4 可能的反应机理

Scheme 4 Proposed reaction mechanism

2 结论

本文报道了铜催化6-氮杂尿嘧啶和环烷烃类化合物的交叉脱氢偶联反应. 以DTBP为氧化剂, 140 ℃条件下实现了6-氮杂尿嘧啶的烷基化反应, 以中等至良好的收率合成了一系列烷基修饰的尿嘧啶化合物. 该反应具有良好的官能团相容性和广泛的底物普适性. 机理实验表明, 该反应经由自由基途径, 且C—H键断裂为反应的决速步.

3 实验部分

3.1 仪器与试剂

熔点使用巩义予华X-5测得. 核磁共振波谱(NMR)以CDCl3作为溶剂, 在Bruker 600 M或400 M核磁共振仪中测试, 化学位移以TMS为内标. 高分辨质谱(HRMS)数据在配置了Q-Exactive离子源的质谱仪, 在ESI模式下测得. 本实验所用到的试剂由安耐吉、乐研、毕得试剂公司购买, 1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮类化合物底物按照已知文献由相应的原料制备[20].

3.2 实验方法

高温干燥后的10 mL封管加入磁子后抽换氮气三次, 依次加入6-氮杂尿嘧啶类衍生物1 (0.1 mmol)、CuI (10 mol%)、1.0 mL环己烷, 随后加入DTBP (0.3 mmol), 氮气条件下拧紧活塞. 上述混合物在140 ℃下反应8 h, 待反应完成后, 冷却至室温, 减压浓缩, 粗产物以石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合物为洗脱剂, 经硅胶柱层析纯化得到目标产物3.
2,4-二苄基-6-环己基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3a): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 28.5 mg, 产率76%. m.p. 93.3~95.1 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.51~7.46 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.32~7.25 (m, 6H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 2.91~2.80 (m, 1H), 1.91~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.72 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 1.41~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.28~1.16 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.6, 148.9, 135.7, 129.5, 128.7, 128.6, 128.5, 128.1, 128.0, 55.2, 44.1, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C23H26N3O2 [M+H]+376.2019, found 376.2017.
2-苄基-6-环己基-4-甲基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3b): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 23.2 mg, 产率78%. m.p. 62.6~63.9 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.51 (dd, J=7.8, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35~7.27 (m, 3H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.92~2.82 (m, 1H), 1.90~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.72 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.41~1.29 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.17 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.8, 149.0, 148.7, 135.8, 129.6, 128.5, 128.0, 44.0, 39.4, 38.3, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C17H21N3NaO2 [M+Na]+ 322.1526, found 322.1527.
2-苄基-6-环己基-4-苯乙基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3c): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 30.0 mg, 产率77%. m.p. 107.9~109.4 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.46~7.38 (m, 2H), 7.34~7.19 (m, 6H), 7.17 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.23~4.14 (m, 2H), 3.09~2.98 (m, 2H), 2.79~2.88 (m, 1H), 1.88~1.76 (m, 4H), 1.71 (d, J=12.7 Hz, 1H), 1.42~1.17 (m, 5H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.6, 148.7, 137.6, 135.8, 129.3, 128.9, 128.5, 127.9, 126.5, 52.4, 44.0, 38.2, 34.2, 30.3, 26.1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C24H28N3O2 [M+H]+ 390.2176, found 390.2178.
2-苄基-6-环己基-4-(4-甲基苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3d): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 31.0 mg, 产率79%. m.p. 103.3~105.1 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.51~7.44 (m, 2H), 7.34~7.24 (m, 5H), 7.15 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 2.90~2.80 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.91~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.72 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 1.42~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.18 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.7, 148.8, 148.7, 137.9, 135.8, 132.8, 129.5, 129.3, 128.7, 128.5, 127.9, 55.0, 44.1, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9, 21.2; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C24H28N3O2 [M+H]+ 390.2176, found 390.2170.
2-苄基-4-(4-氯苄基)-6-环己基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3e): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 29.9 mg, 产率73%; m.p. 112.3~113.9 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.48 (dd, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.37~7.25 (m, 7H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 2.91~2.80 (m, 1H), 1.92~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.72 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.43~1.29 (m, 4H), 1.29~1.17 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.5, 149.2, 148.8, 135.7, 134.2, 134.1, 130.2, 129.5, 128.8, 128.5, 128.0, 54.5, 44.1, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C23H25ClN3O2 [M+H]+410.1630, found 410.1626.
2-苄基-6-环己基-4-(4-氟苄基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3f): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 28.5 mg, 产率72%. m.p. 82.7~84.3 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.52~7.45 (m, 2H), 7.43~7.36 (m, 2H), 7.34~7.27 (m, 3H), 7.02 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 2.93~2.79 (m, 1H), 1.92~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.73 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.43~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.28~1.20 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 163.8, 161.3, 155.6, 149.1, 148.8, 135.7, 131.6, 131.6, 130.7, 130.6, 129.5, 128.5, 128.0, 115.6, 115.4, 54.5, 44.1, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 113.87 (F); HRMS (ESI) calcd for C23H24FN3NaO2 [M+Na]+ 416.1745, found 416.1740.
2-苄基-6-环己基-4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪- 3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3g): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 31.0 mg, 产率70%. m.p. 91.6~92.9 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.61 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.54~7.46 (m, 4H), 7.35~7.26 (m, 3H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 2.92~2.82 (m, 1H), 1.93~1.78 (m, 4H), 1.73 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.43~1.29 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.20 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.5, 149.4, 148.8, 139.6, 135.6, 130.31 (q, J=32.5 Hz), 129.5, 128.9, 128.5, 128.1, 125.6 (q, J=3.8 Hz), 123.95 (q, J=272.1 Hz), 54.6, 44.2, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ: -62.58 (CF3); HRMS (ESI) calcd for C24H25F3N3O2 [M+H]+ 444.1893, found 444.1888.
4-((2-苄基-6-环己基-3,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-4(3H)-基)甲基)苯甲腈(3h): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙 酯)=5∶1, 白色固体, 21.3 mg, 产率53%. m.p. 136.6~138.3 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.65 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.52~7.44 (m, 4H), 7.35~7.28 (m, 3H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 2.92~2.82 (m, 1H), 1.89~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.73 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 1.43~1.29 (m, 4H), 1.29~1.18 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.4, 149.6, 148.8, 140.9, 135.5, 132.5, 129.5, 129.3, 128.6, 128.1, 118.5, 112.0, 54.6, 44.2, 38.4, 30.4, 26.0; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C24H24N4NaO2 [M+Na]+ 423.1792, found 423.1794.
2-苄基-6-环己基-4-(萘-2-基甲基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5 (2H,4H)-二酮(3i): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=10∶1, 白色固体, 31.6 mg, 产率74%. m.p. 123.6~125.3 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.88~7.77 (m, 4H), 7.54~7.44 (m, 5H), 7.34~7.25 (m, 3H), 5.23 (s, 2H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 2.92~2.82 (m, 1H), 1.90~1.84 (m, 2H), 1.84~1.77 (m, 2H), 1.72 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 1.44~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.20 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.6, 149.0, 148.9, 135.7, 133.2, 133.2, 133.0, 129.5, 128.5, 128.4, 128.0, 127.9, 127.6, 126.3, 126.2, 126.2, 55.3, 44.1, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C27H28N3O2 [M+H]+ 426.2176, found 426.2174.
6-环己基-2,4-双(4-甲基苄基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3j): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 30.0 mg, 产率74%. m.p. 138.6~140.2 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.17~7.08 (m, 4H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 2.90~2.79 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.91~1.76 (m, 4H), 1.72 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 1H), 1.42~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.20 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.7, 148.8, 137.9, 132.9, 129.6, 129.3, 129.2, 128.7, 55.0, 43.8, 38.3, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9, 21.2. 21.1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C25H30N3O2 [M+H]+ 404.2332, found 404.2327.
6-环己基-2,4-双(3-甲基苄基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3k): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 32.0 mg, 产率79%. m.p. 124.1~125.9 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.28 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 7.25~7.16 (m, 4H), 7.10 (dd, J=12.2, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 2.91~2.81 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.90~1.76 (m, 4H), 1.72 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 1.43~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.29~1.17 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.7, 148.9, 138.3, 135.7, 130.1, 129.4, 128.8, 128.7, 128.5, 128.4, 126.5, 125.6, 55.2, 44.1, 38.3, 30.4, 26.1, 26.0, 21.4, 21.4; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C25H30N3O2 [M+H]+ 404.2332, found 404.2331.
2,4-双(4-氯苄基)-6-环己基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3l): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 28.9 mg, 产率65%. m.p. 146.7~148.2 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.36~7.29 (m, 4H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 2.92~2.79 (m, 1H), 1.90~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.73 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 1H), 1.44~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.21 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.5, 149.2, 148.7, 134.2, 134.1, 134.1, 134.0, 131.0, 130.2, 128.8, 128.7, 54.5, 43.5, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C23H24Cl2- N3O2 [M+H]+ 444.1240, found 444.1248.
2,4-双(4-溴苄基)-6-环己基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3m): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 38.0 mg, 产率71%. m.p. 154.3~156.1 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.45 (dd, J=16.9, 8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.29~7.26 (m, 2H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 2.90~2.79 (m, 1H), 1.90~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.73 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 1H), 1.43~1.29 (m, 4H), 1.29~1.14 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.4, 149.2, 148.6, 134.6, 134.6, 131.8, 131.6, 131.3, 130.5, 122.2, 54.6, 43.5, 38.4, 30.4, 26.0, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C23H24Br2N3O2 [M+H]+ 532.0230, found 532.0225.
4,4'-((6-环己基-3,5-二氧代-1,2,4-三嗪-2,4(3H,5H)-二基)二亚甲基)二苯腈(3n): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=2∶1, 白色固体, 29.5 mg, 产率69%. m.p. 157.8~159.6 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.68~7.64 (m, 2H), 7.63~7.59 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 2.91~2.82 (m, 1H), 1.90~1.78 (m, 4H), 1.74 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 1.44~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.20 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.3, 149.6, 148.6, 140.6, 140.5, 132.5, 132.4, 130.1, 129.3, 118.5, 118.4, 112.2, 112.0, 54.7, 43.8, 38.5, 30.4, 26.0, 25.8; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C25H23N5NaO2 [M+Na]+ 448.1744, found 448.1740.
6-环己基-2,4-二丙基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3o): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 黄色液体, 21.0 mg, 产率75%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.94~3.87 (m, 4H), 2.92~2.82 (m, 1H), 1.90~1.61 (m, 9H), 1.45~1.31 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.19 (m, 1H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.7, 148.8, 148.3, 52.9, 42.3, 38.2, 30.4, 26.1, 21.5, 20.6, 11.3, 11.0; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C15H26N3O2 [M+H]+ 280.2020, found 280.2014.
6-环己基-2,4-二苯乙基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3p): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 32.6 mg, 产率81%. m.p. 82.3~84.2 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.33~7.26 (m, 4H), 7.25~7.18 (m, 6H), 4.24~4.16 (m, 2H), 4.15~4.06 (m, 2H), 3.08~2.99 (m, 2H), 2.92~2.77 (m, 3H), 1.85~1.75 (m, 4H), 1.74~1.67 (m, 1H), 1.42~1.18 (m, 5H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.4, 148.5, 148.5, 137.9, 137.7, 128.9, 128.9, 128.5, 128.5, 126.6, 52.4, 42.0, 38.2, 34.3, 33.3, 30.3, 26.1, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C25H29N3NaO2 [M+Na]+ 426.2152, found 426.2157.
2-苄基-6-环己基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3q): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 25.3 mg, 产率70%. m.p. 169.4~170.9 ℃; 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 10.33 (s, 1H), 7.52~7.47 (m, 2H), 7.34~7.26 (m, 3H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 2.90~2.84 (m, 1H), 1.86 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 2H), 1.83~1.79 (m, 2H), 1.75~1.70 (m, 1H), 1.39~1.30 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.18 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.7, 150.1, 149.9, 135.6, 129.5, 128.6, 128.1, 43.6, 38.4, 30.4, 26.1, 25.9; HRMS (ESI) [M+H]+calcd for C16H20N3O2 286.1550, found 286.1552.
6-环己基-4-甲基-2-苯基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3r): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 18.6 mg, 产率65%. m.p. 90.1~91.6 ℃; 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.51~7.48 (m, 2H), 7.42~7.46 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.93~2.87 (m, 1H), 1.92 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 1.73 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.46~1.35 (m, 4H), 1.27~1.23 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.8, 149.4, 148.9, 133.4, 129.4, 129.2, 127.9, 39.5, 38.6, 30.5, 26.2, 26.0; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C16H20N3O2 [M+H]+ 286.1550, found 286.1545.
3-环己基异喹啉(3s): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 无色液体, 4.7 mg, 产率53%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.48 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.60~3.53 (m, 1H), 2.00~1.91 (m, 4H), 1.87~1.79 (m, 3H), 1.59~1.49 (m, 2H), 1.44~1.37 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 165.7, 141.9, 136.4, 129.6, 127.6, 126.8, 126.3, 124.7, 118.9, 41.6, 32.6, 26.9, 26.3; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C15H18N [M+H]+ 212.1434, found 212.1434.
4-环己基喹唑啉和2-环己基喹唑啉(3t, r.r.=3∶1): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 无色液体, 8.5 mg, 产率46%. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 9.26 (s, 1H), 8.22~8.15 (m, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.58~3.54 (m, 1H), 2.04~1.92 (m, 5H), 1.92~1.87 (m, 1H), 1.87~1.77 (m, 4H), 1.66~1.47 (m, 4H), 1.43~1.31 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 175.0, 154.8, 150.1, 148.1, 146.3, 133.2, 130.3, 129.4, 127.9, 127.3, 124.7, 124.2, 123.3, 41.3, 36.8, 34.0, 32.0, 27.0, 26.5, 26.4, 26.0; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C14H17N2 [M+H]+ 213.1386, found 213.1385.
2-环己基-3-甲基喹喔啉(3u): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 无色液体, 9.1 mg, 产率40%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.04~7.98 (m, 1H), 7.98~7.92 (m, 1H), 7.67~7.62 (m, 2H), 3.08~3.00 (m, 1H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 1.97~1.89 (m, 4H), 1.84~1.71 (m, 3H), 1.53~1.35 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 160.4, 152.7, 141.4, 140.6, 128.8, 128.7, 128.6, 128.2, 42.6, 31.6, 26.7, 26.0, 22.7; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C15H19N2 [M+H]+ 227.1543, found 227.1543.
2-(4-氯苯基)-2-(2,6-二氯-4-(6-环己基-4-甲基-3,5-二氧代-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-2(3H)-基)苯基)乙腈(3v): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 33.4 mg, 产率66%. m.p. 124.6~146.1 ℃; 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.71 (s, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.94~2.90 (m, 1H), 1.87 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 1.39~1.31 (m, 5H), 1.21~1.17 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 154.0, 149.6, 147.0, 140.8, 134.6, 133.3, 129.9, 128.5, 128.1, 127.2, 123.7, 115.3, 35.9, 29.4, 26.6, 25.0, 24.8; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C24H22Cl3N4O2 [M+H]+ 503.0803, found 503.0801.
2-(2-苄基-6-环己基-3,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1,2,4-三 嗪-4(3H)-基)乙基-2-(4-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯(3w): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=10∶1, 黏稠淡黄色液体, 33.6 mg, 产率65%. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (dt, J=15.3, 7.0 Hz, 3H), 7.09 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.46~4.38 (m, 1H), 4.33~4.23 (m, 2H), 4.13~4.07 (m, 1H), 3.60~3.58 (m, 1H), 2.83 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.86~1.76 (m, 5H), 1.71 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.39~1.25 (m, 4H), 1.23~1.17 (m, 1H), 0.89 (s, 3H), 0.88 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.4, 155.5, 149.1, 140.6, 137.4, 135.8, 129.6, 129.3, 128.6, 128.1, 127.1, 61.4, 49.9, 45.1, 45.0, 44.2, 38.4, 30.4, 30.4, 30.2, 26.1, 26.0, 22.4, 18.4; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C31H40N3O4 [M+H]+ 518.30133, found 518.3014.
2,4-二苄基-6-环戊基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3x): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 白色固体, 23.0 mg, 产率64%. m.p. 62.1~63.9 ℃; 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.48 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.36~7.26 (m, 6H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 3.23~3.30 m, 1H), 1.98~1.89 (m, 2H), 1.74~1.67 (m, 4H), 1.66~1.59 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 156.0, 148.9, 148.3, 135.9, 135.8, 129.4, 128.6, 128.5, 128.1, 127.9, 55.2, 44.1, 40.1, 30.4, 25.3; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C22H23N3NaO2 [M+Na]+ 384.1683, found 384.1680.
2,4-二苄基-6-环辛基-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮(3y): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=10∶1, 无色液体, 28.6 mg, 产率71%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.50~7.46 (m, 2H), 7.42~7.38 (m, 2H), 7.37~7.27 (m, 6H), 5.07 (s, 4H), 3.17~3.09 (m, 1H), 1.80~1.66 (m, 6H), 1.63~1.51 (m, 8H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.6, 150.2, 148.8, 135.8, 135.8, 129.4, 128.7, 128.6, 128.5, 128.1, 127.9, 55.2, 44.2, 37.9, 29.8, 26.7, 26.2, 25.3; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C25H30N3O2 [M+H]+ 404.2333, found 404.2329.
2,4-二苄基-6-(四氢呋喃-2-基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3z): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=10∶1, 无色液体, 28.4 mg, 产率78%. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.47 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (ddt, J=19.3, 11.7, 6.8 Hz, 6H), 5.17 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 5.10~5.00 (m, 4H), 3.99 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.21~2.10 (m, 2H), 2.04~1.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 155.2, 148.7, 144.2, 135.5, 135.5, 129.4, 128.7, 128.7, 128.5, 128.2, 128.0, 75.7, 69.0, 55.4, 44.1, 29.1, 25.7; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H22N3O3 [M+H]+ 364.1656, found 364.1650.
(S)-2,4-二苄基-6-(己烷-3-基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H, 4H)-二酮(3aa): V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=20∶1, 油状液体, 27.1 mg, 产率71%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.50~7.43 (m, 2H), 7.42~7.36 (m, 2H), 7.36~7.24 (m, 6H), 5.16~5.00 (m, 4H), 3.12~3.00 (m, 0.5H), 3.00~2.91 (m, 0.3H), 2.59 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 0.2H), 1.75~1.55 (m, 2H), 1.36~1.16 (m, 5H), 0.92~0.79 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 156.1, 155.8, 149.1, 148.9, 148.8, 148.1, 135.9, 135.9, 129.4, 129.3, 128.8, 128.7, 128.7, 128.6, 128.2, 128.0, 128.0, 55.2, 44.2, 40.7, 34.4, 34.0, 31.6, 30.3, 29.5, 28.9, 26.2, 25.6, 22.7, 20.4, 18.1, 14.2, 14.1, 11.6; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C23H28N3O2 [M+H]+ 378.2176, found 378.2175.
辅助材料(Supporting Information) 产物3a~3z3aa1H NMR、13C NMR和产物3f3g19F NMR图谱. 这些材料可以免费从本刊网站(http://sioc-journal.cn/)上下载.
(Cheng, F.)
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