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DOI: https://doi.org/10.6023/cjoc202602015

综述与进展

芳基化合物氰基化的研究进展

  • 刘梦娜 ,
  • 吴琼 ,
  • 史延慧 ,
  • 曹昌盛
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  • a江苏师范大学 化学与材料科学学院 江苏 徐州 221116

收稿日期: 2026-05-22

  修回日期: 2026-06-09

  网络出版日期: 2026-07-14

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Research Progress in Cyanidation of Aromatic Compound

  • Liu Mengna ,
  • Wu Qiong ,
  • Shi Yanhui ,
  • Cao Changsheng
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  • aSchool of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

Received date: 2026-05-22

  Revised date: 2026-06-09

  Online published: 2026-07-14

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摘要

芳腈化合物不仅是染料、工业及农用化学品、药物分子的重要组成部分,也是有机合成化学中重要的中间体,这得益于氰基很容易转化成其他的有机官能团,因此开发合成芳腈的新试剂和新方法具有重要意义。本文就1884-2025年及部分2026年发表的有关合成芳基腈的主要文献进行了总结、并从氰基来源的角度加以归纳和整理。最初化学家是以剧毒的NaCN和KCN作为氰基源;随后发展了以亚铁氰化钾和铁氰化钾作为无毒性氰基源的方法;近些年又发展了以非金属氰化物（如氰化碘等）以及不含氰基化合物（如甲酰胺等）为氰基源的方法。本文按照氰基源的不同将相关的主要文献进行分类、整理,并给出了每一种氰基源试剂的反应特点、适应范围等。综述的另一个思路是在使用同一氰基源条件下按照C-H、C-B、C-C、C-N、C-X、C-O、C-S和C-Si键转化为C-CN键的次序对相关的文献进行了总结。特别需要指出的是本文还就2023-2025年期间发表的几乎所有的合成芳腈的23篇文献的最新进展进行了概述。此外,综述针对个别反应的机理进行了简要地描述。

关键词： 芳腈; 金属氰基源; 非金属氰基源

本文引用格式

刘梦娜 , 吴琼 , 史延慧 , 曹昌盛 . 芳基化合物氰基化的研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 0 : 202602015 -202602015 . DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202602015

Abstract

Aromatic nitrile compounds are not only important components of dyes, industrial and agricultural chemicals, and drug molecules, but also significant intermediates in organic synthesis chemistry. This is due to the fact that the cyano group can be easily converted into other organic functional groups, making the development of new reagents and methods for synthesizing aromatic nitriles of great importance. This paper summarizes and reviews the main literature on the synthesis of aryl nitriles published from 1884 to 2025, and partially in 2026, organized and categorized from the perspective of cyano sources. Initially, chemists used highly toxic NaCN and KCN as cyanide sources; later, methods using potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide as non-toxic cyanide sources were developed; in recent years, methods using non-metal cyanides (such as iodine cyanide, etc.) and cyanide-free compounds (such as formamide, etc.) as cyanide sources have also emerged. This paper categorizes relevant major literature according to different cyanide sources, and provides the reaction characteristics and scope of application for each cyanide source reagent. Another approach of this review summarizes related literature according to the order of C-H, C-B, C-C, C-N, C-X, C-O, C-S, and C-Si bond transformations into C-CN bonds under the same cyanide source conditions. Notably, this paper also briefly summarizes nearly all 23 literature on the latest progress in the synthesis of aromatic nitriles published during 2023-2025. In addition, the review briefly describes the mechanisms of certain reactions.

Key words： Arylnitrile; Metal cyanide source; Non-metallic cyanide source

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