Aggregation-Induced Emission Photocatalysts for Fast and Oxygen-Tolerant Radical Photopolymerization

doi:10.6023/cjoc202605006

Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry Previous Articles Next Articles

ARTICLE

聚集诱导发光光催化剂用于快速且耐氧的自由基光聚合

陈怡萱^a, 赵征^a,b,*

^a香港中文大学(深圳)理工学院广东省聚集体科学基础研究卓越中心广东深圳 518172;
^b香港中文大学(深圳)理工学院附属第二医院聚集诱导发光临床转化研究中心,广东深圳 518172

收稿日期:2026-05-07 修回日期:2026-07-06
基金资助:
本研究得到国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3810001）、国家自然科学基金(52333007 和 52273197）、国家自然科学基金重大项目(22595400 和 22595401）、深圳市科技创新委员会(KQTD20210811090142053 和 JCYJ20230807114213027）以及广东省聚集科学基础研究中心的资助; 作者团队同时感谢香港中文大学(深圳）材料制备与表征中心在材料表征方面提供的支持

Aggregation-Induced Emission Photocatalysts for Fast and Oxygen-Tolerant Radical Photopolymerization

Yixuan Chen^a, Zheng Zhao^a,b,*

^aGuangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China;
^bClinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China

Received:2026-05-07 Revised:2026-07-06
Contact: ^*E-mail: zhaozheng@cuhk.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB3810001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52333007 and 52273197), the Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22595400 and 22595401), the Science Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (KQTD20210811090142053 and JCYJ20230807114213027), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science. The authors also thank the Materials Characterization and Preparation Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), for materials characterization.

1. .pdf(1035KB)

Abstract

Photopolymerization offers significant advantages over traditional thermally initiated polymerization, such as better temporal control and faster reaction kinetics. However, conventional systems suffer from oxygen inhibition and initiator end-group residue. Herein, we developed a series of benzothiadiazole-based photocatalysts (PBTH, BBTH). By introducing donor-acceptor (D-A) structures, light absorption and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) capability are promoted, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Mechanistic studies reveal that the photoexcited PC abstracts an electron from the tertiary amine additive (TMEDA), generating a radical anion and an aminoalkyl radical, which subsequently initiates the polymerization of acrylate monomers. The photocatalyst remains intact and is not covalently incorporated into the polymer chain ends. With an extremely low loading of 0.37 wt%, PBTH achieved near-complete conversion within minutes under ambient conditions and was successfully employed in the photolithographic fabrication of an “AIE” pattern.

Key words: photocatalysis, aggregation-induce emission, UV photopolymerization

Cite this article

Yixuan Chen, Zheng Zhao. Aggregation-Induced Emission Photocatalysts for Fast and Oxygen-Tolerant Radical Photopolymerization[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, doi: 10.6023/cjoc202605006.

Export EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

share this article

References

[1] Zhang B.; Sun, L. Chem. Soc. Rev.2019, 48, 2216.
[2] Romero N. A.; Nicewicz, D. A. Chem. Rev.2016, 116, 10075.
[3] Corrigan N.; Yeow J.; Judzewitsch P.; Xu J.; Boyer C. Angew. Chem. Inter. Ed. 2019, 58, 5170.
[4] Yan C.-N.; Liu Q.; Xu L.; Bai L.-P.; Wang L.-P.; Li G. Polymers2019, 11, 599.
[5] Su H.; Yang M.; Liu Y.; Gao J.; Ge B.; Wang L.; Li, G. Appl. Surf. Sci.2023, 615, 156288.
[6] Layani M.; Wang X.; Magdassi S. Adv. Mater.2018, 30, 1706344.
[7] Qiao L.; Zhou M.; Shi G.; Cui Z.; Zhang X.; Fu P.; Liu M.; Qiao X.; He Y.; Pang, X. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2022, 144, 9817.
[8] Bai R.; Sun Y.; Zhao M.; Han Z.; Zhang J.; Sun Y.; Dong W.; Li S. Talanta2021, 226, 122160.
[9] Huang W.; Zhang X.; Chen J.; Zhang B.; Chen B.; Zhang G. ACS Catal.2023, 13, 2542.
[10] Liu S.-F.; Hou Z.-W.; Lin L.; Li F.; Zhao Y.; Li X.-Z.; Zhang H.; Fang H.-H.; Li Z.; Sun H.-B. Science2022, 377, 1112.
[11] Li, X. Univ. Chem. 2021, 36, 2007078.
[12] Pan H. Y.; Chen S. Q.; Jin M.; Malval J.; Wan D. C.; Morlet-Savary F. Polym. Chem.2019, 10, 1599.
[13] Ma X. Y.; Cao D.; Hu X. T.; Nie J.; Wang, T. Prog. Org. Coat.2020, 144, 105651.
[14] Liu C.; Mo P.; Huang M.; Ma Z.; Yu H.; Xiong Y.; Tang, H. Chem. Eng. J.2026, 532, 174391.
[15] Dietlin C.; Trinh T. T.; Schweizer S.; Graff B.; Morlet-Savary F.; Noirot P.; Lalevée J. Macromolecules2019, 52, 7886.
[16] Liu T. Y.; Wang T. T.; Xie C. B.; Tian X. J.; Song L.; Liu L.; Wang Z. W.; Yu, Q. Prog. Org. Coat.2020, 142, 105603.
[17] Cunningham A. F.; Desobry V.; Dietliker K.; Hüsler R.; Leppard D. G. Chimia1994, 48, 423.
[18] Chen H.; Zhu D.; Kavalli T.; Xiao P.; Schmitt M.; Lalevée J. Polym. Chem.2023, 14, 3543.
[19] Amol A. Pawar, Gabriel Saada, Ido Cooperstein, Liraz Larush, Joshua A. Jackman, Seyed R. Tabaei, Nam-Joon Cho, Shlomo Magdassi. Sci. Adv. 2016, 2, e1501381
[20] Li R.; Guo H.; Luo X.; Wang Q.; Pang Y.; Li S.; Liu S.; Li J.; Strehmel B.; Chen, Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2024, 63, e202404454.
[21] M.Schmallegger, M.Wiech, G.Gescheidt, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2026, 65, e12534.
[22] Hu Z.; Gao F.; Qin H.; Cui X.; Wang L.; Yang W.; Lu C.; Zhang B.; Sun L.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 64, e202415645
[23] Liu D.; Wang W.-J.; Alam P.; Yang Z.; Wu K.; Zhu L.; Xiong Y.; Chang S.; Liu Y.; Wu B.; Wu Q.; Qiu Z.; Zhao Z.; Tang, B. Z. Nat. Photonics2024, 18, 1276.
[24] Yoon J.; Jung Y. J.; Yoon J. B.; Damodar K.; Kim H.; Shin M.; Seo M.; Cho D. W.; Lee J. T.; Lee, J. K. Polym. Chem.2019, 10, 5737.
[25] Coskun H. I.; De Luca Bossa F.; Hu X.; Jockusch S.; Sobieski J.; Yilmaz G.; Matyjaszewski, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2024, 146, 28994.
[26] Gupta V.; Sengupta S. Aggregate2025, 6, e70232.
[27] Huang W.; Zhang X.; Su H.; Zhang B.; Feng A.; Jiang J.; Chen B.; Zhang G. Chem2024, 10, 2829.
[28] Günaydin H.; Salman S.; Tüzün N. Ş.; Avci D.; Aviyente, V. Int. J. Quantum Chem.2005, 103, 176.
[29] Li L.; Hao C.; Zhai R.; He W.; Deng C. Fuel2023, 331, 125853.
[30] Yeow J.; Chapman R.; Gormley A. J.; Boyer, C. Chem. Soc. Rev.2018, 47, 4357.
[31] Back J.-H.; Kwon Y.; Cho H.; Lee H.; Ahn D.; Kim H.-J.; Yu Y.; Kim Y.; Lee W.; Kwon M. S.Adv. Mat. 2023, 35, 2204776.
[32] Victoria-Valenzuela D.; Herrera-Ordonez J.; Luna-Barcenas G.; Verros G. D.; Achilias, D. S. Macromol. React. Eng.2016, 10, 577.
[33] Pan Z.-R.高分子化学 (Polymer Chemistry), 3rd ed.; Chemical Industry Press: Beijing, 2007, p139

聚集诱导发光光催化剂用于快速且耐氧的自由基光聚合

Aggregation-Induced Emission Photocatalysts for Fast and Oxygen-Tolerant Radical Photopolymerization

PDF

Supporting Info.

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Rui Wu, Zhiquan Wu, Juan Zhang, Wenchao Gao, Yingxiong Wang, Honghong Chang. Research Progress in the Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol to Glycolic Acid [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(8): 2969-2987.
[2]	Yadong Feng, Siheng Bi, Mingqing Tang, Yangjie Wu, Chao Pi. UV-Light-Driven Construction of Quinazolinones from Aryl Aldehydes and Anthranilamides [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(8): 3114-3122.
[3]	Lizhuo Wang, Xinyi Liu, Geyang Song, Xiaoli Shi, Dong Xue. Photoexcitation-Enabled C(sp²)—N Coupling of Aryl Halides with Sulfonamides Catalyzed by Earth-Abundant Nickel [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(7): 2835-2852.
[4]	An Chen, Zeyi Wang, Wanmei Li, Jun Xu. Recent Advances in the Light-Driven One-Step Synthesis of Dual Carbon-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(6): 2177-2192.
[5]	Ying Xu, Meilin Yang, Dapeng Cui, Miao Yu, Yingjie Liu. Research Progress on Defluorination Reactions [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(5): 1962-1983.
[6]	Ziming Zhao, Jianfeng Zheng, Peiqiang Huang. Progress on the Photocatalytic Synthesis of Amines from Imines [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(5): 1984-2001.
[7]	Lewei Dai, Jianling Wang, Dong Zou. Recent Advances in the Functionalization of para-C(sp²)—H Bonds of Anilines [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(5): 1813-1844.
[8]	Xi Cheng, Yalin Li, Peng Wu, Min Su, Zixuan Zhang, Minjun Jiao, Xuefen Liu, Shuping Luo. Anthraquinone-Based Photosensitizers: Design, Synthesis and Application in Photocatalytic C(sp³)—H Oxidation [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(5): 2104-2111.
[9]	Xinyi Hou, Tongtong Shi, Zejiang Li, Qinghao Dong, Kai Sun, Xin Wang. Visible-Light-Induced Phosphorylation Cyclization to Phosphorylated Indole-Fused Diazepines [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1776-1787.
[10]	Jingfei Zheng, Qiyan Lv, Kai Sun, Xiaolan Chen, Lingbo Qu, Jinquan Wang, Bing Yu. Recent Advances in Functionalization of 6-Azauracils via Radical Reactions [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1603-1620.
[11]	Yuqing Zhao, Xianjin Zhu, Lingyu Shi, Mingyu Wei, Zihan Xu, Yongjia Shi, Xufeng Li, Daoshan Yang. Research Progress on the Ring-Opening Functionalization of Cyclic Sulfonium Salts [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1572-1602.
[12]	Haoran Zhang, Junsong Jia, Qiong Yu, Yu Wu, Yulong Li, Wei Shu. Visible-Light-Catalyzed Hydroamination, Hydroamidation and Hydrosulfonamidation of Alkenes [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1166-1180.
[13]	Shan Yang, Yasu Chen, Chen Zhu. Construction of N-Fused Heteroarenes via Radical-Mediated Functional Group Migration-Cyclization [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1739-1749.
[14]	Linyu Lu, Yutong Qi, Tinghui Zhang, Shengnan Jin, Zhongyan Cao, Hongwei Zhang. Recent Progress in Radical Mediated 1,2,n-Trifunctiona-lization of Olefins [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1540-1559.
[15]	Jianyang Dong, Dong Xue. Research Progress on the Functionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane via Radical Pathways [J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1464-1480.