Research Progress on Applications of Starch and Its Derivatives Supported Metal Catalysts in Organic Reactions

doi:10.6023/cjoc202601031

Abstract

Starch, an abundant, renewable, and biodegradable natural polysaccharide, has shown great potential in constructing green heterogeneous metal catalysts due to its unique helical structure, abundant hydroxyl functional groups, and facile chemical modification. This review summarizes the research progress on starch and its derivatives supported metal catalysts in organic reactions from 2005 to 2025. According to the anchoring functional groups or functionalization modes of the starch supports, these catalytic systems are classified into six categories: direct hydroxyl-coordination, amino/Schiff base functionalized, ionic liquid functionalized, magnetic composite functionalized, natural small-molecule modified, and organic-inorganic hybrid systems. Their preparation strategies, metal immobilization modes, catalytic performance, and recycling stability are discussed. Starch-supported metal catalysts have been successfully applied to important organic transformations including C—C coupling reactions, click reactions, multicomponent reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions, and biomass conversion. These catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity, broad substrate scope, and good recyclability. Finally, the current challenges and future development prospects of starch-supported metal catalyst systems are discussed.

Key words: starch-supported metal catalysts, organic reactions, heterogeneous catalysis, green chemistry

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Baichuan Mo, Tingting Li, Fang Wang, Darifu Ba. Research Progress on Applications of Starch and Its Derivatives Supported Metal Catalysts in Organic Reactions[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(10): 3933-3962.

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Fig. & Tab. 31

Figure 1. Chemical structure of two main components of starch: (a) amylose chain, and (b) amylopectin chain

Scheme 1. Synthesis of ECS-SB-CuBr catalyst[25]

Scheme 2. Preparation of Star-Cu(OAc)2 catalyst[26]

Scheme 3. Synthesis route of AmP-SNC/Pd(0) catalyst[28]

Scheme 4. Synthesis of NH2-NCS@PdCl2 catalyst[29]

Scheme 5. Synthesis route of SNP-NH2/Pd(0) catalyst[30]

Scheme 6. Synthetic route of PEIS@Pd(0) catalyst[31]

Scheme 7. Synthetic route of ST-Sc-Pd and ST-Shf-Pd catalysts[32-33]

Scheme 8. Schematic diagram for the preparation of Starch-SB-Pd(II) catalyst[34]

Scheme 9. Synthetic route to starch immobilized oxo-vanadium Schiff base catalyst[35]

Scheme 10. Preparation of ECS-MoO2(acac)2 catalyst[36]

Scheme 11. Preparation of ECS-Ni(acac)2 catalyst[38]

Scheme 12. Synthetic route toward the Starch-Fe3O4@IL-TZ-Pd catalyst[39]

Scheme 13. Preparation of Fe-NHC/expanded HACS and Fe-NHC/S350 catalysts[40]

Scheme 14. Synthesis of ECS-IL-RuCl3 catalyst[41]

Scheme 15. Synthesis of ECS-IL-Al(NO3)3 catalyst[42]

Scheme 16. Synthetic route of MNP@SPAAm/Cu catalyst[43]

Scheme 17. Preparation of CuFe2O4@Starch catalyst[44]

Scheme 18. Synthetic route of Pd@Fe3O4-NH2/Starch catalyst[48]

Scheme 19. Synthesis of Pd(II)NA2@SMNP catalyst[49]

Scheme 20. Preparation of Fe3O4-starch/AgNPs catalyst[54]

Scheme 21. Preparation of CoL2@SMNP catalyst[55]

Scheme 22. Preparation of MNP@Seed starch@FR-Co catalyst[56]

Scheme 23. Synthetic route of ZrOL2@SMNP catalyst[60]

Scheme 24. Preparation of Fe3O4@DAS@VB1@CuCl catalyst[61]

Scheme 25. Synthesis of Fe3O4@St-His/Cu catalyst[62]

Scheme 26. Synthesis of starch-crt@Au catalyst[63]

Scheme 27. Preparation of ASS-Cu(acac)2 catalyst[64]

Scheme 28. Synthetic route of PNP-SSS catalyst[65]

Scheme 29. Synthetic route of Pd-MNPSS catalyst[68]

Scheme 30. Preparation of Pd@Hal-SA catalyst[69]

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