锂离子电池负极材料用Co3O4及其复合材料研究进展

doi:10.6023/A13060656

摘要/Abstract

锂离子电池的性能主要由正、负极材料决定，负极材料Co₃O₄具备理论容量高、振实密度大、化学性质稳定等特点倍受关注，但存在导电性不好、倍率性能较差等缺点. 解决该问题的手段：一方面可通过材料的纳米化与特殊形貌化如球状、纤维状、片状等，缩短锂离子嵌入和脱出行程；另一方面可通过材料的复合化，促进电子的快速传输和缓冲活性材料在充放电过程中的体积效应. 根据Co₃O₄颗粒的形貌特性对现有研究进行了分类与综述，阐述了改性手段的可能性机理，并对如何提高Co₃O₄的电化学性能提出了一些想法.

关键词: Co₃O₄, 锂离子电池, 负极材料, 形貌

The depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels and environmental issues force us to explore substitutes for fossil fuels, such as solar energy, hydroelectricity, thermal enegy, wind power etc., which are the potential global energy sources in the future. However, most of the renewable energy are typically periodic or intermittent and need to equip with appropriate electrical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Novel and advanced anode and cathode materials are the key technologies for high performance LIBs, so various electrode materials with high energy density have been extensively investigated. Cobaltosic oxide (Co₃O₄), commonly used as the anode materials for LIBs, has attracted extensive interest due to its high theoretical specific capacity (890 mAh·g^-1), high tap density and stable chemical properties. However, its practical use is hindered because of the large volume change during repeated lithium uptake and removal reactions, low electronic conductivity, rapid capacity fading upon extended cycling and poor rate capability. To overcome these problems, it is an effective way to prepare nanometer-sized materials with nano-/micrometer-sized structures, which can buffer huge volume changes during the lithium insertion/extraction process and offer extra space for the lithium storage. Up to now, various morphologies of Co₃O₄ have been synthesized, such as nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanoplatelets, nanocubes, hierarchical nanoflowers and some other more complex structures. Another method is to composite with other materials such as carbon or graphene, which has large surface area, open porous structure, great flexibility, chemical stability, high electrical conductivity and the ability to facilitate electron transport within the active sites and effectively alleviate the strain from the volume expansion. In this paper, the recent advances of Co₃O₄ and its composites as anode materials of LIBs are reviewed. The researches are classified by the characteristics and morphologies of materials. Their advantages and disadvantages are summarized and the possible reaction mechanisms are explained. In addition, it is also discussed how to improve the electrochemical performance of Co₃O₄.

Key words: Co₃O₄, lithium-ion batteries, anode materials, morphology

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黄国勇, 徐盛明, 王俊莲, 李林艳, 王学军. 锂离子电池负极材料用Co₃O₄及其复合材料研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2013, 71(12): 1589-1597.

Huang Guoyong, Xu Shengming, Wang Junlian, Li Linyan, Wang Xuejun. Recent Development of Co₃O₄ and Its Composites as Anode Materials of Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2013, 71(12): 1589-1597.

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锂离子电池负极材料用Co₃O₄及其复合材料研究进展

Recent Development of Co₃O₄ and Its Composites as Anode Materials of Lithium-ion Batteries

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