化学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (8): 783-787.DOI: 10.6023/A17040146 上一篇    下一篇

研究通讯

铜(II)催化的吲哚与四取代D-A环丙烷[3+2]开环/环化反应

严文广, 王盼, 王丽佳, 孙秀丽, 唐勇   

  1. 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 金属有机化学国家重点实验室 上海 200032
  • 投稿日期:2017-04-07 发布日期:2017-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 孙秀丽,E-mail:xlsun@sioc.ac.cn;唐勇,tangy@sioc.ac.cn E-mail:xlsun@sioc.ac.cn;tangy@sioc.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    项目受国家自然科学基金(Nos.21432011,21421091)、国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973项目,No.2015CB856600)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)资助(No.XDB20000000)、中国科学院青年促进会(No.2017301)以及上海市自然科学基金(No.17ZR1436900)资助.

Copper Catalyzed[3+2] Annulation of Indoles with 1,1,2,2-Tetrasubstituted Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes

Yan Wen-Guang, Wang Pan, Wang Lijia, Sun Xiu-Li, Tang Yong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032
  • Received:2017-04-07 Published:2017-06-15
  • Contact: 10.6023/A17040146 E-mail:xlsun@sioc.ac.cn;tangy@sioc.ac.cn
  • Supported by:

    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21421091 and 21432011),the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(No.2015CB856600),the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB20000000),the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No.2017301) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No.17ZR1436900).

D-A环丙烷在Lewis酸的活化作用下,形成1,3-两性离子中间体,可以发生[3+n]形式环加成反应构建多元碳(杂)环、并环结构,已成为有机反应中一类重要的合成砌块.利用Cu(Ⅱ)/BOX为催化剂,首次实现了吲哚与四取代D-A环丙烷的[3+2]环化反应,抑制了最常见的傅-克反应副产物,以最高91%的产率和>20/1的非对映选择性,简单高效、原子经济性地构建了吲哚并五元碳环结构骨架,在五元环上可以一次性引入三个季碳中心.对含有不同取代基的吲哚、色胺、色醇及各类四取代D-A环丙烷都能取得很好的结果,为一些天然产物核心骨架的构建提供了新的方法.

关键词: D-A环丙烷, 吲哚, 环加成, 季碳, 双噁唑啉

D-A cyclopropanes have emerged as versatile synthons for construction of carbocycles and heterocycles via a[3 +2] annulation reactions, and have been used in the total synthesis of natural products. Recently, it has been witnessed tremendous progress within the area of transformation of 2-monosubstituted-cyclopropane-1,1-diesters. However, cyclopropane-1,1-diesters with full substitution at the donor site have not been well explored. C2, C3-fused indolines are widely existed in a plenty of natural products and biologically active compounds, and have been the synthetic targets for decades. Among the various approaches to access these important structural motifs, the cyclopentannulation of indoles with Donor-Acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes, represents a concise, economical and effective method. Previously, we have developed a highly diastereo-and enantioselective BOX/Cu(Ⅱ) catalyzed C2, C3-cyclopentannulation of indoles with 2-monosubstituted-cyclopropane-1,1-diesters, a facile access to a series of enantioenriched cyclopenta-fused indoline products. As our further studies, Lewis acid catalyzed[3+2] annulation of indoles with 1,1,2,2-tetrasubstituted D-A cyclopropanes was reported in this paper. This annulation method of C3-substituted indoles with quaternary donor site D-A cyclopropanes yielded C2, C3-fused indolines, bearing three quaternary stereocentres on the newly built cyclopentane ring without the formation of the common Friedel-Crafts byproducts. The ester groups on cyclopropane, ligand, and protection group of indole have great influence on both yield and dr selectivity. Thus, the reaction between indole (1b, -NMe) and cyclopropane 2 (CO2R2=CO2CH2CF3) can give the highest yield and the best dr in the presence of 10 mol% BOX/Cu(SbF6)2 in DCM, which is prepared in situ. Under the optimal conditions, the[3+2] annulation reacts smoothly with a wide range of substituted indole derivatives and D-A cyclopropanes, giving the desired products in up to 91% yield with up to >20/1 diastereoselectivity. The relative configuration of the products is determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the major diastereoisomer of 3b. The general experimental procedure for the[3+2] annulations is shown below:A mixture of CuBr2(0.02 mmol), AgSbF6 (0.04 mmol), and bisoxazoline (L,0.024 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h under the atmosphere of nitrogen. Then, the mixture was cooled to 0℃ for 20 min and the cyclopropane 1(0.2 mmol) and the indole derivative 2 (0.4 mmol) in 1 mL DCM were added to the mixture of catalyst via a syringe. After the reaction was complete (monitored by TLC), the reaction was filtered through a glass funnel with thin layer (20 mm) of silica gel (100~200 mesh) and eluted with DCM (approx 100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. After the determination of the diatereoselectivity by 1H NMR, the residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford the product 3.

Key words: Donor-Acceptor (D-A) cyclopropane, indole, annulation, quaternary center, bis-oxazoline