关键词: 氧化Heck反应, 吲哚, 分子间, 去芳构化, 手性吲哚啉

Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization reaction represents a straightforward method to access chiral cyclic compounds. In recent years, enantioselective dearomative Heck reactions of indoles, benzofurans, pyrroles, furans, and naphthalenes have been successfully developed. Nevertheless, current reports are mainly limited to the intramolecular reaction, the intermolecular asymmetric dearomative Heck reactions are still underdeveloped. In consideration of the relatively mild reaction conditions in oxidative Heck reaction, we envisioned that the intermolecular dearomative oxidative Heck reaction and its asymmetric induction might be possible due to its commonly-proposed cationic rather than neutral mechanism for Heck reaction. In the present work, an enantioselective palladium-catalyzed intermolecular dearomative Heck reaction of indoles with arylboronic acids has been developed. By employing Pd(OAc)₂ as the catalyst precursor, pyridine- oxazoline as the chiral ligand, oxygen as an oxidant, and benzoquinone (BQ) as the co-oxidant, a series of chiral indolines bearing a C2-substituted quaternary stereocenter were afforded in moderate to good yields and moderate ee values. A general procedure for this enantioselective dearomative oxidative Heck reaction is described as the following: To a dried Schlenk tube were charged with Pd(OAc)₂ (4.5 mg, 10 mol%) and ligand L9 (15.1 mg, 20 mol%) under O₂ atmosphere. 2 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent was then introduced via a syringe and the Schlenk tube was sealed using a Teflon cap. The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 30 min in order to form the catalyst complex. After cooling to room temperature, indole substrates 1 (0.2 mmol), aryl boronic acids (0.6 mmol), and co-oxidant BQ (4.3 mg, 20 mol%) were added to the reaction system under O₂ atmosphere. The resulting mixture was then stirred at 80 ℃ for 12 h. When the reaction was completed [monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)], 10 mL of water was added to the reaction system and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel [V(ethyl acetate)∶V(petroleum ether)=1∶15] to afford products 2.

Key words: oxidative Heck reaction, indole, intermolecular, dearomatization, chiral indoline