Different Degradation Mechanism of CH3NH3PbI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Illumination

doi:10.6023/A20100476

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (3): 344-352.DOI: 10.6023/A20100476 Previous Articles Next Articles

Article

白光及紫外光辐照下甲氨碘化铅基钙钛矿太阳能电池降解机制差异

卢岳^a^,^b, 葛杨^a^,^b, 隋曼龄^a^,^b^,^*()

a 北京工业大学材料与制造学部固体微结构与性能研究所北京 100124
b 北京工业大学固体微结构与性能北京市重点实验室北京 100124

投稿日期:2020-10-15 发布日期:2020-12-24
通讯作者: 隋曼龄
作者简介:
* E-mail: mlsui@bjut.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-10-67396644
基金资助:
项目受国家重点研究发展计划(2016YFB0700700); 国家自然科学基金(11704015); 国家自然科学基金(51621003); 国家自然科学基金(12074016); 北京市教委科研一般项目(KM202110005003); 北京市教师队伍建设创新团队项目(IDHT20190503)

Different Degradation Mechanism of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Based Perovskite Solar Cells under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Illumination

Yue Lu^a^,^b, Yang Ge^a^,^b, Manling Sui^a^,^b^,^*()

a Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124
b Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124

Received:2020-10-15 Published:2020-12-24
Contact: Manling Sui
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700700); National Natural Science Foundation of China(11704015); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51621003); National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074016); General Program of Science and Technology Development Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202110005003); Beijing Innovation Team Building Program, China(IDHT20190503)

In recent years, the photoelectronic conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices has been improved greatly. However, these devices are not very stable, and it is hard to avoid the effect of visible or ultraviolet (UV) light on the performance decay of the organic-inorganic halide perovskite devices, and there is rare report on the evolution process of the microstructure of PSCs under the light illumination, let along discussing on the different degradation mechanism of PSCs between the UV and visible light soaking. To address these scientific issues, in this study, we compared the performance evolution of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃) based PSCs during the UV and visible light irradiation. The experimental results show that the perovskite layer has been photodegraded from MAPbI₃into an amorphous phase under the white light LED soaking. Meanwhile, the migration of Au element from the electrode into the interface between MAPbI₃ and SnO₂ layers can also be captured. As comparing the kinetics of redox reaction of Au, we found that the formation rate of Au nanoparticle mass in PSCs under UV light irradiation is almost 30 times higher than that under visible light illumination. Considering on the different characteristics of microstructure evolution in PSCs under the UV and visible light irradiation, and theoretically analyzing the energy level of each functional layers in the device, the results confirm that UV light is easy to be adsorbed by electron transportation layer (ETL) of SnO₂ to excite the electron-hole pairs, while the photo-excited holes have a low energy level of –8.4 eV, which could oxidize the iodide ions (I ^–) into atomic iodine (I atom). The I atoms would diffuse into the spiro-OMeTAD layer and metal electrode interface. Due to its strong oxidation property, the I atom would not only destroy the spiro-OMeTAD layer, but also oxidize the Au metal electrode into AuI, which accelerated the generation of Au⁺. However, under the illumination of visible light, it is hard to excite the electron-hole pairs in SnO₂, which prevents the damage on the functional interfaces, and the transportation energy barrier is unchanged. So, the open circuit voltage (V_oc) has a long-term photo-stability. However, the short-circuit current density (J_sc) decreased rapidly under visible light illumination, which is mostly ascribed to the changes of charge mobility resulting from the migration of Au element and photodecomposition of MAPbI₃ layer. All these results give a new insight to understand the photo-instability of PSC.

Key words: perovskite solar cell, light illumination, migration dynamics, electron microscopy, photo-degradation

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Yue Lu, Yang Ge, Manling Sui. Different Degradation Mechanism of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Based Perovskite Solar Cells under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Illumination[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(3): 344-352.

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Fig. & Tab. 6

Figure 1. Comparison of the optoelectronic performance of perovskite solar cells under 100 mW/cm2 light illumination of ultraviolet (UV) (red curve) and visible light (black curve): (a) Normalized photoelectronic conversion efficiency (PCE); (b) Normalized open circuit voltage (Voc); (c) Normalized short-circuit current density (Jsc); (d) Normalized fill factor (FF). Parameters of the optoelectronic performance have been normalized, which are acquired to use the real-time performance dividing the initial data.

Figure 2. Comparison for the HAADF images and EDS mapping of the cross section samples of PSCs after UV (a, b)[23] and white light (c, d) illumination for 20 and 120 h, respectively.

Figure 3. The microstructural evolution of the perovskite solar cell (PSC) after white LED light illuminating for different times (0, 45 and 120 h): (a, c, e) SEM image of the surface morphological evolution of Au electrodes; (b, d, f) HAADF images of cross-sectional samples of PSCs during light illuminating for different times.

Figure 4. Evolution of the elementary distribution in the cross-section samples of PSC devices after white light soaking for 0, 45, 120 h, respectively. The left picture is the high angle annular dark-field image (HAADF), while the right images are the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of Pb, I, Sn and Au elements.

Figure 5. HAADF image of cross-section sample of PSC after light illumination for 120 h and its corresponding nano-beam diffraction (NBD) characterizations at different areas 1~4.

Figure 6. (a) The Au nanoparticle mass concentration at the MAPbI3-SnO2 interface in MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells under the light illuminating of UV and white LED light; (b) the energy level of the functional layers in PSC devices, which is corresponding to the vacuum energy lever (the value should be negative).

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白光及紫外光辐照下甲氨碘化铅基钙钛矿太阳能电池降解机制差异

Different Degradation Mechanism of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Based Perovskite Solar Cells under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Illumination

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