反式钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

doi:10.6023/A19040143

化学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (10): 964-976.DOI: 10.6023/A19040143 上一篇下一篇

综述

反式钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

杨英^a^b^c, 朱从潭^a^b^c, 林飞宇^a^b^c, 陈甜^a^b^c, 潘德群^a^b^c, 郭学益^a^b^c^*()

^a 中南大学冶金与环境学院长沙 410083
^b 有色金属资源循环利用湖南省重点实验室长沙 410083
c 有色金属资源循环利用湖南省工程研究中心长沙 410083

投稿日期:2019-04-24 发布日期:2019-07-04
通讯作者: 郭学益 E-mail:xyguo@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:杨英, 副教授, 武汉大学博士毕业. 长期从事材料物理化学及新能源材料与器件的科研工作, 对固态高分子电解质以及固态染料敏化太阳能电池、量子点太阳能电池及钙钛矿太阳能电池有夯实的理论和实践基础. 于2013~2014年间在美国怀俄明大学完成博士后研究工作. 现工作于中南大学冶金与环境学院. 主要研究方向: 新能源材料与器件|郭学益, 教授, 1995于中南大学获得博士学位. 1997年完成博士后研究工作, 1999~2000 年在日本佐贺大学理工学部机能物质化学科担任研究员, 2000~2003 年在日本东京大学国际产学共同研究中心担任客员教授. 现工作于中南大学冶金与环境学院. 主要研究方向: 资源循环利用及环境材料.
基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金(61774169);留学回国基金、湖南省自然科学基金(2016JJ3140);中南大学本科生创新项目(ZY20180866);中南大学本科生创新项目(202321009)

Research Progress of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang, Ying^a^b^c, Zhu, Congtan^a^b^c, Lin, Feiyu^a^b^c, Chen, Tian^a^b^c, Pan, Dequn^a^b^c, Guo, Xueyi^a^b^c^*()

^a Central South University, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Changsha 410083
^b Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha 410083
c Hunan Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha 410083

Received:2019-04-24 Published:2019-07-04
Contact: Guo, Xueyi E-mail:xyguo@csu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61774169);Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned overseas Chinese Scholar, Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2016JJ3140);Undergraduate student of Central South University(ZY20180866);Undergraduate student of Central South University(202321009)

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摘要/Abstract

反式结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池由于其稳定性好、迟滞效应低等优点越来越受到人们的关注. 自2013年出现以来, 其光电转换效率从最初3.9%快速提升至21.5%. 然而, 反式钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转化效率相比于传统正置结构钙钛矿太阳能电池依然存在差距, 同时其柔性及空气稳定性和大面积制备技术的开发仍是当前急需亟待解决的难题. 本文就反式钙钛矿太阳能电池载流子传输材料的选择、界面优化及柔性器件的发展等方面进行了系统的综述, 试图总结由结构和材料优化实现反式钙钛矿太阳能电池的高效率、高稳定性、大面积及柔性制备的普遍规律.

关键词: 反式钙钛矿太阳能电池, 工作机理, 载流子传输材料, 界面优化, 柔性器件

Since the introduction of perovskite solar cells in 2009, perovskite solar cells have developed rapidly due to their low-cost and high theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency. Among them, the inverted structure of perovskite solar cells has received more and more attention due to its good stability and low hysteresis effect. Since its inception in 2013, its photoelectric conversion efficiency has rapidly increased from the initial 3.9% to 21.5%. However, compared with the traditional upright structure perovskite solar cells, there is still a gap in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells. Due to the nature of the organic materials used, perovskites are more severely affected by moisture in the air environment. They are heavily dependent on nitrogen protection during device manufacturing. In the future, if perovskite solar cells are put into production, the fully enclosed waterless environment will obviously increase the production costs. At the same time, the development of large-area preparation technology is still a difficult problem to be solved. The development of inverted perovskite solar cells, the selection of carrier transport materials, interface optimization, and the development of flexible devices are systematically reviewed in this paper. For example, PEDOT:PSS was doped by GeO₂ and DMSO, and PEDOT:PSS was modified by MoO₃ and GO to improve its work function, acidity and hygroscopicity. A NiO_x dense layer is usually doped with Mg ²⁺, Li ⁺ and Cs ⁴⁺ to increase its conductivity, which can be prepared by different methods such as magnetron sputtering and sol-gel method. The PCBM interface is modified by C₆₀, BCP, LiF etc., to enhance its ohmic contact with the metal counter electrode. And the PCBM is doped by graphene, CoSe, SnO₂ etc., to reduce the charge recombination caused by the interfacial resistance and the defects of the perovskite film. This paper would provide a way to obtain a high efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells by structure and material optimization. And it also give insights into the general rules for preparing large area and flexible devices.

Key words: inverted perovskite solar cell, working mechanism, carrier transport material, interface optimization, flexible device

引用此文

杨英, 朱从潭, 林飞宇, 陈甜, 潘德群, 郭学益. 反式钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2019, 77(10): 964-976.

Yang, Ying, Zhu, Congtan, Lin, Feiyu, Chen, Tian, Pan, Dequn, Guo, Xueyi. Research Progress of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2019, 77(10): 964-976.

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HTL	Structure	V_oc	J_sc	FF	PCE/%	Ref.
Simple PEDOT:PSS	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Al	0.6	10.3	0.63	3.9	^[7]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Bis-C₆₀/Ag	0.92	17.5	0.73	11.8	^[31]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.1	20.9	0.79	18.2	^[18]
PEDOT:PSS?-Doping Modification	PEDOT:PSS-PFI/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.98	16.7	0.70	11.7	^[32]
	PEDOT:PSS-GeO₂/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Ag	0.95	20.4	0.72	13.8	^[34]
	PEDOT:PSS-AgNPs /MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Bphen/Ag	0.93	21.5	0.79	15.75	^[35]
	PEDOT:PSS?-?DMSO/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	0.92	22.7	0.80	16.7	^[37]
	P EDOT:PSS-NaCl/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/RhB101/LiF/Ag	1.08	21.1	0.80	18.2	^[38]
	PEDOT:PSS-F4-TCNQ/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/BCP/Ag	1.02	21.9	0.77	17.2	^[39]
	PEDOT:PSS-PEDOT:GO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/ZnO/Ag	1.02	21.5	0.82	18.1	^[40]
PEDOT:PSS?/Interface Modification	SWNTs/PEDOT:PSS?/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM/Ag	0.98	18.0	0.71	12.5	^[41]
	PEDOT:PSS/GO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ag	0.93	21.5	0.72	15.3	^[42]
	PEDOT:PSS/poly-TPD/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.05	16.1	0.67	12.04	^[17]
	PEDOT:PSS/X-QUPD/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.99	18.1	0.73	13.06	^[43]
	PEDOT:PSS/X-OTPD/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.95	17.3	0.66	10.87	^[44]
	MoO₃/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/C60/BCP/LiF/Al	1.06	21.5	0.75	17.1	^[45]
Simple PTAA	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/PFN/Al	1.01	20.24	0.77	15.67	^[47]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.07	22.0	0.77	18.1	^[33]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.11	22.5	0.82	20.4	^[48]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.12	22.4	0.81	20.3	^[49]
	PTAA/FA_0.85MA_0.15Pb(I_0.85Br_0.15)₃/PC₆₁BM/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.13	23.3	0.80	21.1	^[21]
	PTAA/(FA_0.95PbI_2.95)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15/PC₆₁BM/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.175	21.86	0.81	20.9	^[16]
PTAA-Doping Modification OR ?Interface Modification	PTAA-F4TCNQ/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Al	1.09	21.6	0.74	17.5	^[50]
PTAA-Doping Modification OR ?Interface Modification	ITO/rGO/PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	1.09	20.3	0.777	17.2	^[51]
Other Polymers	Ultrathin PT/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	0.99	20.3	0.77	15.4	^[54]
	PPPorPPN/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.02	21.7	0.75	16.7	^[53]
	VB-DAFF/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.02	18.9	0.78	15.2	^[54]
	Poly-TPD/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.00	22.0	0.70	15.3	^[55]
	c-OTPD/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.05	22.4	0.76	17.8	^[33]
	CPE-K/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Al	0.89	20.1	0.77	12.5	^[56]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/Al	1.07	21.1	0.73	16.6	^[57]
	P3CT-K/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM:SnO₂/Al	1.12	23.2	0.76	19.7	^[19]
NiO_x	NiO_x/meso-NiOnc/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Al	1.04	13.2	0.69	9.51	^[9]
	NiO/Meso-Al₂O₃/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	1.04	18.0	0.72	13.5	^[60]
	NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Au	1.10	15.7	0.59	9.84	^[61]
	PLD-NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/LiF/Al	1.06	20.2	0.81.	17.3	^[62]
	SG-NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	0.99	22.9	0.80	18.2	^[63]
	np-NiO_x/(FAPbI₃)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15/PCBM/ZnO/Ag	1.08	22.8	0.78	19.1	^[20]
Metal Ion Doping NiO	Cu-NiO_x/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Bis-C₆₀/Ag	1.11	19.0	0.73	15.4	^[10]
	Y-NiO/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/Au	1.00	23.8	0.68	16.3	^[11]
	Ag:NiO/MAPbI₃ /PCBM/BCP/Ag	1.07	19.4	0.79	16.4	^[12]
	NiMgLiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ti(Nb)O_x/Ag	1.08	20.4	0.83	18.3	^[13]
	Cs:NiO_x/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ag	1.12	21.8	0.79	19.3	^[14]
CuX	CuSCN/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Ag	0.68	—	—	3.8	^[64]
	CuSCN/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.00	21.9	0.76	16.6	^[65]
	CuI/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.04	20.9	0.68	14.7	^[66]
	Cu₂O/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	0.95	17.5	0.66	11.0	^[67]
	CuO_x/MAPbI₃/PCBM/ZnO NPs/Al	1.03	22.4	0.76	17.4	^[68]
V₂O₅	V₂O₅-PEDOT NBs/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/Rhodamine101/LiF/Ag	1.05	13.6	0.59	8.4	^[69]
Graphene Oxide	GO/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/ZnO/Al	1.00	17.5	0.71	12.4	^[70]
Graphene Oxide	rGO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	0.95	14.8	0.71	10.8	^[71]

HTL	Structure	V_oc	J_sc	FF	PCE/%	Ref.
Simple PEDOT:PSS	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Al	0.6	10.3	0.63	3.9	^[7]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Bis-C₆₀/Ag	0.92	17.5	0.73	11.8	^[31]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.1	20.9	0.79	18.2	^[18]
PEDOT:PSS?-Doping Modification	PEDOT:PSS-PFI/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.98	16.7	0.70	11.7	^[32]
	PEDOT:PSS-GeO₂/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Ag	0.95	20.4	0.72	13.8	^[34]
	PEDOT:PSS-AgNPs /MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Bphen/Ag	0.93	21.5	0.79	15.75	^[35]
	PEDOT:PSS?-?DMSO/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	0.92	22.7	0.80	16.7	^[37]
	P EDOT:PSS-NaCl/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/RhB101/LiF/Ag	1.08	21.1	0.80	18.2	^[38]
	PEDOT:PSS-F4-TCNQ/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/BCP/Ag	1.02	21.9	0.77	17.2	^[39]
	PEDOT:PSS-PEDOT:GO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/ZnO/Ag	1.02	21.5	0.82	18.1	^[40]
PEDOT:PSS?/Interface Modification	SWNTs/PEDOT:PSS?/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM/Ag	0.98	18.0	0.71	12.5	^[41]
	PEDOT:PSS/GO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ag	0.93	21.5	0.72	15.3	^[42]
	PEDOT:PSS/poly-TPD/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.05	16.1	0.67	12.04	^[17]
	PEDOT:PSS/X-QUPD/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.99	18.1	0.73	13.06	^[43]
	PEDOT:PSS/X-OTPD/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.95	17.3	0.66	10.87	^[44]
	MoO₃/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/C60/BCP/LiF/Al	1.06	21.5	0.75	17.1	^[45]
Simple PTAA	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/PFN/Al	1.01	20.24	0.77	15.67	^[47]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.07	22.0	0.77	18.1	^[33]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.11	22.5	0.82	20.4	^[48]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.12	22.4	0.81	20.3	^[49]
	PTAA/FA_0.85MA_0.15Pb(I_0.85Br_0.15)₃/PC₆₁BM/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.13	23.3	0.80	21.1	^[21]
	PTAA/(FA_0.95PbI_2.95)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15/PC₆₁BM/C₆₀/BCP/Cu	1.175	21.86	0.81	20.9	^[16]
PTAA-Doping Modification OR ?Interface Modification	PTAA-F4TCNQ/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Al	1.09	21.6	0.74	17.5	^[50]
PTAA-Doping Modification OR ?Interface Modification	ITO/rGO/PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	1.09	20.3	0.777	17.2	^[51]
Other Polymers	Ultrathin PT/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	0.99	20.3	0.77	15.4	^[54]
	PPPorPPN/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.02	21.7	0.75	16.7	^[53]
	VB-DAFF/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.02	18.9	0.78	15.2	^[54]
	Poly-TPD/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.00	22.0	0.70	15.3	^[55]
	c-OTPD/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.05	22.4	0.76	17.8	^[33]
	CPE-K/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Al	0.89	20.1	0.77	12.5	^[56]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/Al	1.07	21.1	0.73	16.6	^[57]
	P3CT-K/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM:SnO₂/Al	1.12	23.2	0.76	19.7	^[19]
NiO_x	NiO_x/meso-NiOnc/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Al	1.04	13.2	0.69	9.51	^[9]
	NiO/Meso-Al₂O₃/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	1.04	18.0	0.72	13.5	^[60]
	NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Au	1.10	15.7	0.59	9.84	^[61]
	PLD-NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/LiF/Al	1.06	20.2	0.81.	17.3	^[62]
	SG-NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	0.99	22.9	0.80	18.2	^[63]
	np-NiO_x/(FAPbI₃)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15/PCBM/ZnO/Ag	1.08	22.8	0.78	19.1	^[20]
Metal Ion Doping NiO	Cu-NiO_x/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Bis-C₆₀/Ag	1.11	19.0	0.73	15.4	^[10]
	Y-NiO/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/Au	1.00	23.8	0.68	16.3	^[11]
	Ag:NiO/MAPbI₃ /PCBM/BCP/Ag	1.07	19.4	0.79	16.4	^[12]
	NiMgLiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ti(Nb)O_x/Ag	1.08	20.4	0.83	18.3	^[13]
	Cs:NiO_x/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ag	1.12	21.8	0.79	19.3	^[14]
CuX	CuSCN/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/Ag	0.68	—	—	3.8	^[64]
	CuSCN/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.00	21.9	0.76	16.6	^[65]
	CuI/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.04	20.9	0.68	14.7	^[66]
	Cu₂O/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	0.95	17.5	0.66	11.0	^[67]
	CuO_x/MAPbI₃/PCBM/ZnO NPs/Al	1.03	22.4	0.76	17.4	^[68]
V₂O₅	V₂O₅-PEDOT NBs/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/Rhodamine101/LiF/Ag	1.05	13.6	0.59	8.4	^[69]
Graphene Oxide	GO/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM/ZnO/Al	1.00	17.5	0.71	12.4	^[70]
Graphene Oxide	rGO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Ag	0.95	14.8	0.71	10.8	^[71]

ETM	Structure	V_oc	J_sc	FF	PCE/%	Ref.
PCBM	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Al	0.6	10.3	0.63	3.9	^[7]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.87	18.5	0.72	11.5	^[88]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PC₇₁BM/Al	1.05	19.98	0.78	16.3	^[89]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.1	20.9	0.79	18.1	^[18]
	Cs:NiO_x/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ag	1.12	21.8	0.79	19.3	^[14]
PCBM/Interface Modification	NiO/meso-NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Al	1.04	13.2	0.69	9.51	^[9]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/Al	1.07	21.1	0.73	16.6	^[61]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.07	22.0	0.77	18.1	^[33]
	PLD-NiO/MAbI₃/PCBM/LiF/Al	1.06	20.2	0.81	17.3	^[62]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/TiO_x/Al	0.94	15.8	0.66	9.8	^[59]
	NiMgLiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ti(Nb)O_x/Ag	1.08	20.4	0.83	18.3	^[13]
	np-NiO_x/(FAPbI₃)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15/PCBM/ZnO/Ag	1.08	22.8	0.78	19.1	^[19]
PCBM?-Doping Modification	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM:GD/C₆₀/Al	0.97	23.4	0.65	14.8	^[90]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM:Oleamide/Ag	0.98	18.7	0.69	12.69	^[91]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM:rGO/Ag	0.85	22.9	0.66	12.8	^[92]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM:DMBI/Ag	0.96	16.4	0.79	12.5	^[93]
	NiO/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM:CoSe/Ag	1.07	19.8	0.7	14.9	^[94]
	P3CT-K/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM:SnO₂/Al	1.12	23.2	0.76	19.7	^[20]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/PCBM:F8TBT/Ag	1.12	22.4	0.82	20.6	^[15]
Nonfullerene electron acceptor	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/QCAPZ/LiF/Al	0.86	16.5	0.72	10.3	^[95]
	Cu:NiO_x/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CdS/Au	1.01	19.74	0.67	13.4	^[96]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/TPE-PDI4/C₆₀/LiF/Ag	1.05	21.98	0.81	18.8	^[84]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/Br-PDI/ZnO-NP/Ag	0.84	18.8	0.65	10.2	^[85]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/ITCPTC-Th/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.03	21.77	0.76	17.1	^[86]
	P3CT-N/MAPbI₃/IT-M/s-Bphen/Ag	1.08	21.1	0.77	17.65	^[87]

ETM	Structure	V_oc	J_sc	FF	PCE/%	Ref.
PCBM	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Al	0.6	10.3	0.63	3.9	^[7]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.87	18.5	0.72	11.5	^[88]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PC₇₁BM/Al	1.05	19.98	0.78	16.3	^[89]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.1	20.9	0.79	18.1	^[18]
	Cs:NiO_x/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ag	1.12	21.8	0.79	19.3	^[14]
PCBM/Interface Modification	NiO/meso-NiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/BCP/Al	1.04	13.2	0.69	9.51	^[9]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/Al	1.07	21.1	0.73	16.6	^[61]
	PTAA/MAPbI₃/PCBM/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.07	22.0	0.77	18.1	^[33]
	PLD-NiO/MAbI₃/PCBM/LiF/Al	1.06	20.2	0.81	17.3	^[62]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/TiO_x/Al	0.94	15.8	0.66	9.8	^[59]
	NiMgLiO/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ti(Nb)O_x/Ag	1.08	20.4	0.83	18.3	^[13]
	np-NiO_x/(FAPbI₃)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15/PCBM/ZnO/Ag	1.08	22.8	0.78	19.1	^[19]
PCBM?-Doping Modification	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM:GD/C₆₀/Al	0.97	23.4	0.65	14.8	^[90]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/PCBM:Oleamide/Ag	0.98	18.7	0.69	12.69	^[91]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM:rGO/Ag	0.85	22.9	0.66	12.8	^[92]
	PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM:DMBI/Ag	0.96	16.4	0.79	12.5	^[93]
	NiO/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM:CoSe/Ag	1.07	19.8	0.7	14.9	^[94]
	P3CT-K/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM:SnO₂/Al	1.12	23.2	0.76	19.7	^[20]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/PCBM:F8TBT/Ag	1.12	22.4	0.82	20.6	^[15]
Nonfullerene electron acceptor	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/QCAPZ/LiF/Al	0.86	16.5	0.72	10.3	^[95]
	Cu:NiO_x/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CdS/Au	1.01	19.74	0.67	13.4	^[96]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/TPE-PDI4/C₆₀/LiF/Ag	1.05	21.98	0.81	18.8	^[84]
	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/Br-PDI/ZnO-NP/Ag	0.84	18.8	0.65	10.2	^[85]
	P3CT-Na/MAPbI₃/ITCPTC-Th/C₆₀/BCP/Ag	1.03	21.77	0.76	17.1	^[86]
	P3CT-N/MAPbI₃/IT-M/s-Bphen/Ag	1.08	21.1	0.77	17.65	^[87]

Flexible substrates	Structure	V_oc	J_sc	FF	PCE/%	Ref.
PET	ITO/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PC₆₁BM/Al	0.96	14.8	0.68	9.7	^[98]
PET	ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3-_xCl_x/PC₆₁BM/Ag	0.95	19.8	0.70	13.27	^[99]
PET	ITO/NiO_x/MAPbI₃/PCBM/bis-C₆₀/Ag	1.10	20.7	0.71	16.2	^[100]
PEN	SWNT/MoO₃/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/LiF/Al	0.90	18.8	0.65	11.0	^[101]
PEN	ITO/NiO_x np/Cs_0.05(MA_0.17PFA_0.83)_0.95Pb(I_0.9Br_0.1)₃/PC₆₁BM/ZnO np/Al	1.02	20.6	0.73	15.3	^[105]
PET	AZO/Ag/AZO/PEDOT:PSS/PolyTPD/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Au	1.04	14.3	0.47	7.00	^[106]
PET	PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI₃/PTCDI/Cr/Cr₂O₃/Au	0.93	17.5	0.80	12.5	^[107]

反式钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

Research Progress of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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