化学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 78 ›› Issue (4): 299-310.DOI: 10.6023/A19110412 上一篇    下一篇

综述

放氢交叉偶联反应

董奎a, 刘强a, 吴骊珠a,b   

  1. a 兰州大学 功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室 兰州 730000;
    b 中国科学院理化技术研究所 光化学转换与功能材料重点实验室 北京 100190
  • 投稿日期:2019-11-23 发布日期:2020-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 刘强, 吴骊珠 E-mail:liuqiang@lzu.edu.cn;lzwu@mail.ipc.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:董奎,1994年出生于江苏淮安,2017年毕业于兰州大学,获学士学位.目前在刘强教授指导下攻读博士学位.研究兴趣为酚类化合物偶联反应;刘强,2001年和2006年分别在兰州大学获得学士和博士学位.毕业后留校工作,历任讲师、副教授、教授.2009年到2011年在中国科学院理化技术研究所超分子光化学研究组从事博士后研究.现为兰州大学功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室教授,博士生导师,中国化学会光化学专业委员会委员.主要研究领域涉及有机光化学和自由基合成化学;吴骊珠,1990年毕业于兰州大学化学系,获学士学位.1995年毕业于中国科学院感光化学研究所,获博士学位.毕业后留所工作,历任助理研究员、副研究员、研究员.1997年至1998年赴香港大学化学系从事博士后研究.现为中国科学院理化技术研究所研究员,博士生导师.长期致力于光化学研究,涉及太阳能光化学转换、光化学合成与技术、超分子体系中重要的光物理和光化学过程.曾获国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金资助(2001)、国家自然科学二等奖(2005,第二完成人)、中国青年科技奖(2007)、中国青年女科学家奖(2010)、中国化学会-物理有机化学奖(2013)、中国化学会-赢创化学创新奖(2016)、国家万人计划百千万工程领军人才(2016).2019年当选中国科学院院士.
  • 基金资助:
    项目受国家自然科学基金(Nos.21572090,91427303,21402217,21390404)、科技部(Nos.2013CB834804,2013CB834505,2014CB239402)和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(No.XDB17030200)资助.

Cross-Coupling Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Dong Kuia, Liu Qianga, Wu Li-Zhua,b   

  1. a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000;
    b Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
  • Received:2019-11-23 Published:2020-03-12
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21572090, 91427303, 21402217, 21390404), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2013CB834804, 2013CB834505, 2014CB239402) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB17030200).

过渡金属催化的脱氢偶联反应是一类高效的化学键构筑方式,但通常需要当量甚至过量的氧化剂以移除脱氢过程产生的电子及质子,其氧化剂残渣对环境有一定的污染.放氢交叉偶联(CCHE)反应摒弃了传统脱氢反应中当量氧化剂的使用,在温和条件下实现碳-氢或杂-氢键直接交叉偶联且唯一副产物为氢气,不仅避免了因原料或产物对氧化剂敏感而发生的副反应,而且在规模化生产中具有很高的附加值,是一种更加绿色的合成策略.本综述从放氢交叉偶联反应机理、化学键构筑类型以及反应延伸等角度归纳并介绍了近年来放氢交叉偶联反应的研究进展,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望.

关键词: 放氢交叉偶联反应, 可见光催化, 电化学合成, 绿色化学, 合成策略

During the past decade, transition metal-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-couplings have emerged as an attractive strategy in synthetic chemistry due to its high step- and atom-economy as well as the less functionalized coupling partners. However, such reactions have to always use stoichiometric amount of sacrificial oxidants such as peroxides, high-valent metals (Cu salts, Ag salts, etc.), or iodine(III) oxidants, thereby leading to possible generation of toxic wastes and making the process less desirable from a green chemistry perspective. The recently developed photocatalytic CCHE (cross-coupling hydrogen-evolution) reactions are a conceptually new type of reactions enabled by combination of photo-redox catalysis and proton reduction catalysis, wherein the photocatalyst uses light energy as the driving force for the cross-coupling and the hydrogen evolution catalyst may capture electrons and protons from the substrates or reaction intermediates to produce molecular hydrogen (H2). Thus, without use of any sacrificial oxidant and under mild conditions, the dual catalyst system may afford cross-coupling products with excellent yields and an equivalent amount of H2 as the sole byproduct. This kind of cross-coupling delivers a greener synthetic strategy and is particularly useful for reactions that involve species sensitive to traditional oxidants. In CCHE reactions, the raw materials are directly converted into products and hydrogen, the reactions are highly atom economy, environmentally friendly, and have attractive potential industrial application prospects. In this review, recent dramatic developments of photocatalytic and electrochemical CCHE reactions are discussed via the most prominent mechanistic pathways, the types of C-C bond, C-X (heteroatom) bond, or X-X bond formations and specific reaction classes.

Key words: cross-coupling hydrogen evolution, visible-light photocatalysis, electrosynthesis, green chemistry, synthetic strategy