硫化纳米零价铁对水中U(VI)的高效去除研究

doi:10.6023/A21060263

化学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (10): 1265-1272.DOI: 10.6023/A21060263 上一篇下一篇

研究论文

硫化纳米零价铁对水中U(VI)的高效去除研究

白子昂^a, 陈瑞兴^a, 庞宏伟^b, 王祥学^b, 宋刚^c, 于淑君^a^,^*()

a 华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院资源环境系统优化教育部重点实验室北京 102206
b 华北电力大学环境科学与工程系燃煤电站烟气多污染物协同控制实验室保定 071003
c 广州大学环境科学与工程学院广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室广州 510006

投稿日期:2021-06-09 发布日期:2021-07-20
通讯作者: 于淑君
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(21906052); 国家自然科学基金(U2067215); 广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室开放基金(2017B030314182)

Investigation on the Efficient Removal of U(VI) from Water by Sulfide Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron

Ziang Bai^a, Ruixing Chen^a, Hongwei Pang^b, Xiangxue Wang^b, Gang Song^c, Shujun Yu^a()

a MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
b Heibei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Received:2021-06-09 Published:2021-07-20
Contact: Shujun Yu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(21906052); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2067215); Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources(2017B030314182)

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摘要/Abstract

近年来, 放射性污染物铀(U(VI))在水环境中的排放对生态环境和生物健康造成严重的威胁. 本研究采用液相还原法制备了硫化纳米零价铁(S-NZVI)材料, 并将其用于水中U(VI)的去除. 首先, 我们采取了一系列的微观表征技术探究了S-NZVI的表面特征及材料特性. 结果表明, 相比于纳米零价铁(NZVI), S-NZVI颗粒不易团聚, 性质更加稳定. 随后, 通过宏观实验探究了反应时间、温度、pH、背景离子浓度等因素对S-NZVI去除U(VI)的影响. 结果表明, S-NZVI对U(VI)的最大去除量高达562.5 mg•g^-1, 且在100 min内达到反应平衡. 宏观实验和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明S-NZVI对U(VI)的去除机理是吸附和氧化还原协同作用的结果. 此外, S-NZVI可以通过外加磁场从水中快速地进行分离, 便于材料再回收与利用. 综上, 本研究构筑了一种制备简单、便于回收且高效的U(VI)净化材料, 未来可能会在放射性核素的处理处置等相关工作中起到重要作用.

关键词: U(VI), 硫化纳米零价铁, 吸附, 氧化还原, 协同作用

In recent years, uranium (U(VI)), a radioactive contaminant, has been widely used in industrial production and military fields. Although the industry has developed, its discharge in water poses a serious threat to the natural environment and biological health. In order to solve this problem, in this study, we prepared sulfide nano zero-valent iron (S-NZVI) material by liquid-phase reduction using NaBH₄, FeSO₄•7H₂O and Na₂S₂O₄ as main materials in N₂-filled glove box, and applied them to U(VI) removal from water. First of all, serial microscopic characterization techniques were adopted to explore the surface morphology and physicochemical properties of S-NZVI. The results showed that the S-NZVI particles are less agglomerated and more stable compared to nano zero-valent iron (NZVI). Subsequently, we investigated the effects of reaction time, temperature, pH, and background ion concentration on the removal of U(VI) by S-NZVI through macroscopic batch experiments. The consequence indicated that the maximum removal of U(VI) by S-NZVI at room temperature (20 ℃) could reach 562.5 mg•g^-1, and the reaction equilibrium could be received within 100 min. And more importantly, the eliminated process of S-NZVI is consistent with Langmuir single-molecule layer adsorption model, and the conditions for optimal performance were at ambient temperature (20 ℃) and pH=7~8. Combined with the results of macroscopic experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the removal mechanism of U(VI) by S-NZVI may be attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption and redox reaction. In addition, S-NZVI can be separated from water rapidly by external magnetic field due to its magnetic property, which is convenient for material recycle and reutilization. In conclusion, this study has prepared a facile, recyclable, and efficient material for U(VI) decontamination, which may play a significant role in the future of environmental protection, nuclear waste remediation, and other related fields.

Key words: U(VI), sulfide nanoscale zero-valent iron, adsorption, redox, synergistic effect

引用此文

白子昂, 陈瑞兴, 庞宏伟, 王祥学, 宋刚, 于淑君. 硫化纳米零价铁对水中U(VI)的高效去除研究[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(10): 1265-1272.

Ziang Bai, Ruixing Chen, Hongwei Pang, Xiangxue Wang, Gang Song, Shujun Yu. Investigation on the Efficient Removal of U(VI) from Water by Sulfide Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(10): 1265-1272.

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图/表 6

图1. (A) NZVI的SEM图像; (B) S-NZVI的SEM图像; (C) S-NZVI的TEM图像; (D) S-NZVI元素分布图; (E) Fe、(F) O、(G) S元素分布图; (H) S-NZVI元素含量图

Figure 1. (A) SEM image of NZVI; (B) SEM image of S-NZVI; (C) TEM image of S-NZVI; (D) elemental distribution of S-NZVI; elemental distribution of (E) Fe, (F) O and (G) S; (H) content of various elements of S-NZVI

图2. (A) S-NZVI在不同温度下的吸附等温线拟合曲线; (B) S-NZVI材料对两种浓度U(VI)的动力学吸附实验; 两种浓度下的(C)准一级动力学模型拟合曲线和(D)准二级动力学模型拟合曲线

Figure 2. (A) Fitting curves of the adsorption isotherms of S-NZVI at different temperatures; (B) kinetic adsorption experiments of S-NZVI material at two concentrations of U(VI); fitted curves of (C) pseudo-first-order kinetic model and (D) pseudo-second-order kinetic model at two concentrations

温度/℃	Langmuir模型			Freundlich模型
温度/℃	K_L/(L•mg^-1)	Q_max/(mg•g^-1)	R²	K_F/(mg^1-ⁿ•Lⁿ•g^-1)	n	R²
20	0.04	562.5	0.96	90.72	1.91	0.89
25	0.14	497.9	0.98	79.98	1.93	0.92
40	0.25	173.1	0.94	50.53	2.84	0.95

表1. S-NZVI对U(VI)的吸附等温线的Langmuir与Freundlich模型拟合相关参数

Table 1. Parameters associated with the isotherm fit of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models for the removal of U(VI) by S-NZVI

材料	去除量/(mg•g^-1)	参考文献
多孔石墨型氮化碳	149.7	[18]
PEI-磁性酵母复合材料	173.9	[19]
石墨负载纳米型零价铁	43.2	[20]
壳聚糖/氧化石墨烯材料	45.0	[21]
木屑季铵螯合吸附剂	99.7	[22]
改性累托石	35.5	[23]
向日葵秸秆	327.0	[24]
污泥基生物炭	80.3	[25]
羧甲基纤维素-NZVI	203.0	[26]
钙基膨润土负载NZVI	400.0	[27]
碳载零价铁	77.3	[28]
高炉水渣负载S-NZVI	99.8	[29]
硫化纳米零价铁	562.5	[本文]

表2. S-NZVI与其他材料去除U(VI)的吸附量对比

Table 2. Comparison of the adsorption of S-NZVI with other materials for U(VI) removal

图3. (A) pH对S-NZVI吸附U(VI)的影响; (B) 不同pH下S-NZVI的Zeta电位; (C) S-NZVI与U(VI)反应前后的Fe 2p XPS图谱; (D) S-NZVI和NZVI在水和U(VI)中的铁溶出量对比

Figure 3. (A) Effect of pH on the adsorption of U(VI) by S-NZVI; (B) zeta potential of S-NZVI at different pH; (C) Fe 2p XPS survey spectra of S-NZVI before and after reaction with U(VI); (D) comparison of iron dissolution from S-NZVI and NZVI in water and U(VI)

图4. S-NZVI和NZVI (A) 反应前和(B) 反应后的磁滞回线; (C) 不同浓度NaNO3对S-NZVI吸附U(VI)的影响; (D) 各种阴阳离子对S-NZVI吸附U(VI)的影响

Figure 4. Hysteresis lines (A) before and (B) after the reaction of S-NZVI and NZVI; (C) effect of different concentrations of NaNO3 on the adsorption of U(VI) by S-NZVI; (D) effect of various anions and cations on the adsorption of U(VI) by S-NZVI

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硫化纳米零价铁对水中U(VI)的高效去除研究

Investigation on the Efficient Removal of U(VI) from Water by Sulfide Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron

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