GSH/HAase/pH三重响应纳米诊疗剂用于肿瘤靶向荧光/光声双模成像指导的协同治疗

doi:10.6023/A24040115

化学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 82 ›› Issue (8): 903-913.DOI: 10.6023/A24040115 上一篇下一篇

研究论文

GSH/HAase/pH三重响应纳米诊疗剂用于肿瘤靶向荧光/光声双模成像指导的协同治疗

黄艳琴^a^,^*(), 罗集文^a, 李佳启^a, 张瑞^c^,^*(), 刘兴奋^a, 范曲立^a, 黄维^a^,^b^,^*()

a 南京邮电大学有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室信息材料与纳米技术研究院南京 210023
b 西北工业大学柔性电子研究院西安 710072
c 东南大学附属中大医院眼科南京 210009

投稿日期:2024-04-05 发布日期:2024-08-08
基金资助:
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目、先进生物与化学制造国家协同创新中心及有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室开放研究基金资助

GSH/HAase/pH Triple-responsive Nanotheranostic Agent for Synergistic Therapy Guided by Tumor-targeting Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Dual-mode Imaging

Yanqin Huang^a^,^*(), Jiwen Luo^a, Jiaqi Li^a, Rui Zhang^c^,^*(), Xingfen Liu^a, Quli Fan^a, Wei Huang^a^,^b^,^*()

a State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
b Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
c Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China

Received:2024-04-05 Published:2024-08-08
Contact: * E-mail: iamyqhuang@njupt.edu.cn; zhangpeter1100@163.com; iamdirector@fudan.edu.cn
Supported by:
Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), and the open research fund of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays

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摘要/Abstract

本工作构建了一种多功能纳米诊疗剂FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP, 用于肿瘤靶向荧光/光声双模态成像指导的光疗/化学动力学治疗/化疗协同治疗. 将近红外吸收的吡咯并吡咯二酮衍生物(TTDPP)通过胱胺(CYS)与肿瘤靶向生物大分子透明质酸(HA)偶联, 得到两亲性聚合物HA-CYS-TTDPP; 再与Fe³⁺配位的聚多巴胺纳米粒子(FePDA)以及抗肿瘤药物阿霉素(DOX)进行分子自组装, 形成该纳米材料. 其光热转换效率达到65.6%, 且具有良好的光声性能, 这归因于TTDPP和PDA良好的光热转换性能, 且Fe³⁺进一步增强了PDA的光热效应; 它还可以对肿瘤微环境的弱酸性pH值、过表达的谷胱甘肽(GSH)和透明质酸酶(HAase)产生三重响应, 实现靶向药物控释和荧光激活; Fe³⁺能与肿瘤中的 GSH和H₂O₂引发芬顿反应, 生成具有细胞毒性的•OH, 从而产生化学动力学治疗性能. 细胞实验证实FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP能够智能响应肿瘤微环境而实现靶向荧光成像, 并通过光疗/化学动力学治疗/化疗协同治疗有效抑制HeLa肿瘤细胞的增殖. 该体系为实现精准高效的肿瘤诊疗拓展了思路.

关键词: 肿瘤微环境响应, 双模态成像, 光热治疗, 化学动力学治疗, 协同治疗

In this work, a multifunctional nanotheranostic agent FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP was constructed for photo/chemodynamic/chemo synergistic therapy guided by tumor-targeting fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging. The diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivative (TTDPP) with near-infrared (NIR) absorption was coupled with tumor-targeting biomolecule hyaluronic acid (HA) via cystamine (CYS) to obtain the amphiphilic polymer HA-CYS-TTDPP. It was then self-assembled with Fe³⁺-coordinated polydopamine nanoparticles (FePDA) and anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) to form this nanomaterial. Its photothermal conversion efficiency reached 65.6% and it showed good photoacoustic performance, which can be attributed to the excellent photothermal conversion performance of TTDPP and PDA. TTDPP was a D-π-A-π-D type DPP derivative formed by the electron acceptor (A) DPP, the electron donor (D) triphenylamine, and the conjugated bridge thiophene, which exhibited excellent photothermal and photoacoustic performance, and a certain degree of photodynamic effect. PDA was formed by dopamine oxidation self-polymerization, which showed the advantages of good biocompatibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and easy functionalization; moreover, due to the d-d transition of exogenous Fe³⁺in FePDA, the photothermal effect of PDA can be further enhanced. Furthermore, the weak acidity of tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitated the dissolution and release of DOX, and the overexpressed hyaluronidase (HAase) and glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells can also trigger the degradation of HA and the cleavage of disulfide bonds in CYS, respectively, leading to the release of DOX. Thus, the distance between DOX and PDA and TTDPP was increased, and the fluorescence of DOX was recovered, thereby achieving TME-responsive fluorescence activation and controlled drug release, and the tumor-targeting effect was further enhanced. Therefore, this nanotheranostic agent can realize triple response to the weak acidity, overexpressed GSH and HAase of TME. On the other hand, Fe³⁺ can react with GSH and H₂O₂ in tumor cells to induce Fenton reaction, generating cytotoxic •OH and resulting in chemodynamic therapeutic performance. Cell experiments confirmed that FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP can intelligently respond to TME and achieve targeted fluorescence imaging, and effectively inhibit the proliferation of HeLa tumor cells through photo/chemodynamic/chemo synergistic therapy. This system provides new ideas for achieving precise and efficient tumor theranostics.

Key words: tumor microenvironment-responsive, dual-mode imaging, photothermal therapy, chemodynamic therapy, synergistic therapy

引用此文

黄艳琴, 罗集文, 李佳启, 张瑞, 刘兴奋, 范曲立, 黄维. GSH/HAase/pH三重响应纳米诊疗剂用于肿瘤靶向荧光/光声双模成像指导的协同治疗[J]. 化学学报, 2024, 82(8): 903-913.

Yanqin Huang, Jiwen Luo, Jiaqi Li, Rui Zhang, Xingfen Liu, Quli Fan, Wei Huang. GSH/HAase/pH Triple-responsive Nanotheranostic Agent for Synergistic Therapy Guided by Tumor-targeting Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Dual-mode Imaging[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(8): 903-913.

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图/表 10

图1. (a) HA-CYS-TTDPP的合成路线; (b) FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP的制备和荧光/光声靶向成像指导的PTT/PDT/CDT/CHT协同治疗示意图

Figure 1. (a) Synthetic routes of HA-CYS-TTDPP; (b) schematic illustration of the preparation of FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP and the tumor- targeting FLI/PAI-guided synergistic PTT/PDT/CDT/CHT

图2. (a) TTDPP、HA-CYS-TTDPP在DMF中, 以及FePDA@HA-CYS-TTDPP、FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP、FePDA和DOX在水中的紫外-可见吸收光谱对比; (b) FePDA的TEM图像(插图: 平均流体动力学尺寸); (c, d) FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP的TEM图像(c插图: 平均流体动力学尺寸)

Figure 2. (a) UV-Vis absorption spectra of TTDPP and HA-CYS-TTDPP in DMF, and FePDA@HA-CYS-TTDPP, FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP, FePDA and DOX in H2O; (b) TEM image of FePDA (Insert of b: average hydrodynamic sizes); (c, d) TEM images of FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP (Inset of c: average hydrodynamic sizes)

图3. FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP在37 ℃, 480 nm激发时不同条件下的发射光谱: (a)在PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 7.4)溶液中用DTT (10 mmol/L) 处理24 h期间; (b)在PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 5.6)溶液中用HAase (10 U/mL)处理1 h前后

Figure 3. Emission spectra of FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP at 37 ℃ with excitation at 480 nm in different conditions: (a) during 24 h treatment with DTT (10 mmol/L) in PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 7.4); (b) before and after treatment with HAase (10 U/mL) in PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 5.6) for 1 h

图4. FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP在37 ℃时不同条件下的平均流体动力学粒径: (a)在PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 7.4)溶液中用10 mmol/L DTT处理4 h后(插图: 该条件下的TEM图像); (b)在PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 5.6)溶液中用HAase (10 U/mL)处理1 h后(插图: 该条件下的TEM图像)

Figure 4. Average hydrodynamic sizes of FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP at 37 ℃ in different conditions: (a) after treatment with DTT (10 mmol/L) in PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 7.4) for 4 h (inset: TEM image under this condition); (b) after treatment with HAase (10 U/mL) in PBS (0.02 mol/L, pH 5.6) for 1 h (inset: TEM image under this condition)

图5. 在含有GSH (10 μg/mL), H2O2 (10 mmol/L)和MB (5 mmol/L)的NaHCO3缓冲溶液(25 mmol/L)中, (a)加入FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP后, MB的吸光度随时间的变化; (b)不加入FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP, MB的吸光度随时间的变化

Figure 5. In a NaHCO3 buffer solution (25 mmol/L) containing GSH (10 μg/mL), H2O2 (10 mmol/L) and MB (5 mmol/L), (a) absorbance changes of MB over time after adding FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP; (b) absorbance changes of MB over time without FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP

图6. (a) 在不同激光功率(635 nm, 0.8~1.2 W/cm2)照射下FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP (0.16 mg/mL)的升温曲线; (b) FePDA/ DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP在激光照射下(635 nm, 1 W/cm2)的光热响应, 重复照射和关闭, 循环五次; (c) (b)图中的单次光热循环; (d)从图c的降温过程得到的时间与－lnθ的线性关系

Figure 6. (a) Temperature elevation curves FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP (0.16 mg/mL) under laser irradiation with different powers (635 nm, 0.8~1.2 W/cm2); (b) photothermal response of FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP under laser irradiation (635 nm, 1 W/cm2) with repeated irradiation and shutdown cycle five times; (c) single photothermal cycle of the process in (b); (d) linear time versus －lnθ obtained from the cooling period of (c)

图7. (a) DPBF在含FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP的水溶液中, 在不同照射时间(635 nm, 30 mW/cm2)的紫外-可见吸收光谱; (b) DPBF在含MB或FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP的水溶液中的光降解速率; (c)在与FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP孵育后的HeLa细胞内检测1O2, 采用DCFH-DA作为探针(635 nm, 100 mW/cm2)

Figure 7. (a) UV-Vis absorption spectra of DPBF in the aqueous solutions containing FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP at different irradiation time (635 nm, 30 mW/cm2); (b) photodegradation rate of DPBF in the aqueous solution containing MB or FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP; (c) 1O2 detection in HeLa cells after incubation with FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP, using DCFH-DA as a probe (635 nm, 100 mW/cm2)

图8. 不同浓度FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP水溶液的光声信号强度(插图: 与不同浓度对应的光声图像)

Figure 8. Photoacoustic signals of the aqueous solutions of FePDA/ DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP with different concentrations (inset: photoacoustic images corresponding to different concentrations)

图9. (a)用FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP孵育4 h后的近红外荧光图像(1) HeLa细胞, (2)用HA 预处理的HeLa细胞, (3) NIH-3T3 细胞; (b)用FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP孵育30 min后, HeLa细胞内荧光强度随时间的变化(激发波长为480 nm)

Figure 9. (a) NIR fluorescence images of (1) HeLa cells, (2) HeLa cells pretreated with HA, and (3) NIH-3T3 cells after incubation with FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP for 4 h; (b) changes in fluorescence intensity over time in HeLa cells incubated with FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP for 30 min (the excitation wavelength is 480 nm)

图10. (a)与FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP共孵育的NIH-3T3细胞在黑暗条件下的存活率; (b)与FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP共孵育的HeLa细胞在黑暗和光照(635 nm, 1 W/cm2) 5 min条件下的存活率; (c)与FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP共孵育的HeLa细胞在黑暗和光照(635 nm, 1 W/cm2) 10 min条件下的AM/PI细胞染色

Figure 10. (a) Cell viability of NIH-3T3 cells treated with FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP under dark conditions; (b) cell viability of HeLa cells treated with FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP without or with irradiation (635 nm, 1 W/cm2) for 5 min; (c) AM/PI staining of HeLa cells treated with FePDA/DOX@HA-CYS-TTDPP without or with irradiation (635 nm, 1 W/cm2) for 10 min

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GSH/HAase/pH三重响应纳米诊疗剂用于肿瘤靶向荧光/光声双模成像指导的协同治疗

GSH/HAase/pH Triple-responsive Nanotheranostic Agent for Synergistic Therapy Guided by Tumor-targeting Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Dual-mode Imaging

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