基于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器★

doi:10.6023/A25050198

化学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 83 ›› Issue (10): 1197-1207.DOI: 10.6023/A25050198 上一篇下一篇

研究展望

基于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器^★

高蓉蓉, 吕昊汉, 王小野^*()

南开大学化学学院元素有机化学全国重点实验室天津 300071

投稿日期:2025-05-30 发布日期:2025-08-12
通讯作者: 王小野

作者简介:

高蓉蓉, 南开大学化学学院2022级在读博士生, 目前研究方向为有机光电探测器.

吕昊汉, 南开大学化学学院2023级在读硕士生. 2023年获得南开大学材料化学学士学位, 目前研究方向为有机光电材料与器件.

王小野, 现为南开大学化学学院及元素有机化学全国重点实验室特聘研究员, 独立课题组组长, 国家级青年人才, 2023年获得中国化学会青年化学奖、中国化学会菁青化学新锐奖、首届中国化学会朱道本有机固体青年创新奖及天津市青科协优秀青年科技工作者称号, 入选Sci. China Chem.及J. Mater. Chem. C新锐科学家. 近年围绕硼杂稠环共轭体系的精准构筑与光电功能应用开展研究工作, 已发表论文100余篇, 被引用7800余次.

^★ “中国青年化学家”专辑.

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22375106); 国家自然科学基金(92256304)

Organic Photodetectors Based on Narrowband Absorption Materials^★

Rong-Rong Gao, Hao-Han Lv, Xiao-Ye Wang^*()

State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071

Received:2025-05-30 Published:2025-08-12
Contact: Xiao-Ye Wang
About author:
^★ For the VSI “Rising Stars in Chemistry”.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375106); National Natural Science Foundation of China(92256304)

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摘要/Abstract

窄谱带有机光电探测器因其高光谱分辨率和广阔应用前景成为光电子领域的研究热点. 传统依赖分光元件或器件工程策略的窄谱带光电探测器面临集成度低、成本高昂等问题. 有机光电材料通过分子结构设计可实现光谱响应的精确调控, 在构筑窄谱带光电探测器中展现出巨大潜力. 本工作聚焦于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器, 从分子设计和聚集态调控两个角度剖析不同材料体系窄谱吸收机制, 并探讨其在探测器中的应用, 最后对该领域未来发展的机遇和挑战进行展望.

关键词: 窄谱带, 光电探测器, 有机光电材料, 多重共振, J-聚集

Organic narrowband photodetectors (NBPDs) have garnered substantial research attention within optoelectronic technology due to their superior spectral resolution and significant potential for applications in biomedical sensing, machine vision, and hyperspectral imaging. Conventional approaches to achieve spectral selectivity, which rely heavily on discrete optical filters or intricate device engineering strategies (e.g., charge collection narrowing, charge injection narrowing and exciton dissociation narrowing), suffer from inherent limitations including compromised device integration density, increased fabrication complexity, and elevated costs. The absorption spectra of organic optoelectronic materials can be accurately regulated through rational design of molecular structures, which exhibits great superiority in constructing narrowband photodetectors. This perspective reviews organic NBPDs based on narrowband absorption materials, analyzing strategies from both molecular design and aggregation-state modulation perspectives. Molecular design covered include metal phthalocyanines, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, squaraine dyes, donor-acceptor (D-A) systems, multi-resonance (MR) systems, non-charge- transfer (non-CT) systems, and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives. While conventional dyes and D-A molecules typically achieve detection full width at half-maximum (FWHM) no less than 50 nm, emerging MR and non-CT systems demonstrate exceptional potential for sub-50 nm FWHM. This enhanced narrowness stems from their unique photophysical properties—MR systems feature suppressed vibrational coupling due to non-bonding molecular orbitals, while non-CT systems utilize localized excitons. Aggregation-state control, particularly J-aggregation, is highlighted as a powerful strategy to counteract spectral broadening in solid-state films. J-aggregates, formed by a specific slipped-stack molecular arrangements, exhibit red-shifted sharp absorption due to suppressed vibronic couplings. Despite considerable progress, significant challenges still exist in further compressing FWHM below 20 nm, achieving reliable control over aggregation processes during large-area fabrication, standardizing the reporting of crucial figures of merit like spectral rejection ratio (SRR) to enable fair cross-lab comparisons, and developing materials specifically optimized for key application wavelengths beyond the visible range. Addressing these hurdles demands a synergistic approach combining advanced molecular engineering, precise aggregation control, and innovations in device fabrications to realize the full potential of high-performance organic NBPDs for next-generation optoelectronic applications.

Key words: narrowband, photodetector, organic optoelectronic materials, multi-resonance, J-aggregate

引用此文

高蓉蓉, 吕昊汉, 王小野. 基于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器^★[J]. 化学学报, 2025, 83(10): 1197-1207.

Rong-Rong Gao, Hao-Han Lv, Xiao-Ye Wang. Organic Photodetectors Based on Narrowband Absorption Materials^★[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2025, 83(10): 1197-1207.

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Metric	Equation	Unit	Defination
Responsivity (R)	R=I_ph/P_light I_ph: Generated photocurrent, P_light: Incident optical power	A•W^-1	The ratio of the photogenerated current of the PDs to the incident light power intensity
External Quantum Efficiency (EQE)	EQE=R×(ℎc/qλ)≈R×1240/λ h: Planck’s constant, c: the speed of light, q: the elementary charge, λ: the incident light wavelength	—	The ratio of the number of collected charges to the number of incident photons per unit time
Noise-equivalent power (NEP)	NEP=(I_N/B^1/2)/R I_N: Noise current, B: electrical bandwidth	W•Hz^-1/2	NEP is defined as the minimal detectable light power of photodetectors
Specific Detectivity (D*)	D=A^1/2/NEP*=R(AB)^1/2/I_N A: device area	cm•Hz^1/2•W^-1 (Jones)	Normalize NEP to device area and electrical bandwidth of noise measurement
Linear dynamic range (LDR)	LDR=20×log(I_max/I_min) I_max and I_min are the corresponding maximum and minimum photocurrent limits	dB	The light intensity range with a linear relationship between the photocurrent and the incident light intensity
−3 dB bandwidth (ƒ_−3dB)	ƒ²_-3Db=(3.5/2πt_tr)²＋(1/2πRC)² t_tr:carrier transit time, RC: RC‑time of the circuit	Hz	Modulation frequency at which the responsivity of the device is half of that at steady state conditions
Spectral rejection ratio (SRR)	SRR(λ_target, λ_ref)=R(λ_target)/R(λ_ref) λ_target is the light wavelength within the target detection spectral range, λ_ref is the light wavelength outside the target detection spectral range.	—	The contrast between the response in target spectral range and outside target spectral range
Full width at half-maximum (FWHM)	—	nm	Full width at half-maximum of absorption or photoresponse spectra

Metric	Equation	Unit	Defination
Responsivity (R)	R=I_ph/P_light I_ph: Generated photocurrent, P_light: Incident optical power	A•W^-1	The ratio of the photogenerated current of the PDs to the incident light power intensity
External Quantum Efficiency (EQE)	EQE=R×(ℎc/qλ)≈R×1240/λ h: Planck’s constant, c: the speed of light, q: the elementary charge, λ: the incident light wavelength	—	The ratio of the number of collected charges to the number of incident photons per unit time
Noise-equivalent power (NEP)	NEP=(I_N/B^1/2)/R I_N: Noise current, B: electrical bandwidth	W•Hz^-1/2	NEP is defined as the minimal detectable light power of photodetectors
Specific Detectivity (D*)	D=A^1/2/NEP*=R(AB)^1/2/I_N A: device area	cm•Hz^1/2•W^-1 (Jones)	Normalize NEP to device area and electrical bandwidth of noise measurement
Linear dynamic range (LDR)	LDR=20×log(I_max/I_min) I_max and I_min are the corresponding maximum and minimum photocurrent limits	dB	The light intensity range with a linear relationship between the photocurrent and the incident light intensity
−3 dB bandwidth (ƒ_−3dB)	ƒ²_-3Db=(3.5/2πt_tr)²＋(1/2πRC)² t_tr:carrier transit time, RC: RC‑time of the circuit	Hz	Modulation frequency at which the responsivity of the device is half of that at steady state conditions
Spectral rejection ratio (SRR)	SRR(λ_target, λ_ref)=R(λ_target)/R(λ_ref) λ_target is the light wavelength within the target detection spectral range, λ_ref is the light wavelength outside the target detection spectral range.	—	The contrast between the response in target spectral range and outside target spectral range
Full width at half-maximum (FWHM)	—	nm	Full width at half-maximum of absorption or photoresponse spectra

Photoactive materials	λ_solution/nm	FWHM_solution/nm	λ_device/nm	FWHM_device/nm	R/(A•W^-1)	EQE/%	D*/Jones	LDR/dB	ƒ_3dB/kHz	Bias/V	SRR	Ref.
F8BT	448 (film)	85 (film)	465			0.12				—		[15]
PFO:R6G	560 (film)	94 (film)	554	—	—	0.01	—	—	—	—	—	[15]
PFO:Ni(t-Bu)₄Pc	609 (film)	68 (film)	610	70	—	0.001	—	—	—	—	—	[15]
SiNc-C6	770	<50	795	80	0.491	76.6	5.66 ×10¹²	112	94.2	-3	—	[16]
DMQA/SubPc	—	—	560	80	131	0.27	60.1	2.34×10¹²	—	—	-5	—	[17]
DM-2,9-DMQA/SubPc	546	60	580	115	0.264	76.6	56.5	2.03×10¹²	—	—	-3	—	[18]
Rubrene/C₆₀	—	—	470	80	0.21	55	—	—	950	-1	—	[30]
PP-TPD	552	138	550	148	0.11	24	1.04×10¹²	160	42.8	-3	—	[31]
F8T2	—	—	450	110	0.016	<5	1.15×10¹²	125	10.6	-5	—	[32]
PP-Th	503	—	510	118	—	13	1.42×10¹²	84.9	3.1	—	—	[33]
PNa6-Th:PCBM	420	≈100	420	103	0.128	37.8	2.31×10¹²	142	9.1	-1	—	[34]
PCZ-Th-DPP	670	181	700	148	—	—	4.63×10¹²	109	1.23	-1	—	[35]
PSBOTz:PNDBO	536	>100	530	153	0.07	16.4	1.1×10¹³	—	—	-2	—	[36]
PolyTPD:SBDTIC	695	—	740	141	0.06	10.5	1.42×10¹³	77.9	118.3	0	—	[37]
SubPc:C₆₀			≈580	50		40.6	≈8×10¹¹	—	—	-2	120	[19]
SubPc			571	137.71	0.14	31.91	2.40×10¹²	—	—	0	—	[20]
NPy-Te-BABS:C₆₀	525	25	535	92	0.285	66	9.36×10¹²	98	—	-3	—	[27]
NPh-Te-BABS:C₆₀	535	45	540	114	0.2	50	4.12×10¹¹		—	-3	—	[27]
BDP-OMe	—	—	770	96	—	49.3	1.0×10¹³	—	1050	0	8.3	[38]
DIBSQ:SBDTIC	—	—	676	85	0.083	—	5.06×10¹²	74.32	11.56	-2	5.29	[39]
M4	545	48	550	97	0.21	48.6	3.73×10¹³	—	—	-3	—	[24]
ISQ	—	—	680	80	0.285	15	3.2×10¹²	114	190	-2	—	[28]
Ketocyanine:PC₆₀BM	504	69	510	130	0.03	3.5	—	—	—	-1	—	[22]
KetocyanineBr	515	71	525	80	0.06	15	1.00×10¹¹	80	25	-1	—	[23]
CY7-T	—	—	850	130	0.165	23	1.0×10¹²	—	—	-2	—	[21]
PSQ	550	135	600	110	0.32	66	7.7×10¹²	48	—	-2.5	—	[40]
Cyanine 1:C₆₀	548	—	560	97	0.32	15	70	4.37×10¹³	—	—	3	—	[26]
Cyanine 2:C₆₀	524	—	540	102		46.7	—	—	—	3	—	[26]
UPSQ	500	99	500	90	0.06	16	3×10¹¹	>50	—	-3	—	[29]

Photoactive materials	λ_solution/nm	FWHM_solution/nm	λ_device/nm	FWHM_device/nm	R/(A•W^-1)	EQE/%	D*/Jones	LDR/dB	ƒ_3dB/kHz	Bias/V	SRR	Ref.
F8BT	448 (film)	85 (film)	465			0.12				—		[15]
PFO:R6G	560 (film)	94 (film)	554	—	—	0.01	—	—	—	—	—	[15]
PFO:Ni(t-Bu)₄Pc	609 (film)	68 (film)	610	70	—	0.001	—	—	—	—	—	[15]
SiNc-C6	770	<50	795	80	0.491	76.6	5.66 ×10¹²	112	94.2	-3	—	[16]
DMQA/SubPc	—	—	560	80	131	0.27	60.1	2.34×10¹²	—	—	-5	—	[17]
DM-2,9-DMQA/SubPc	546	60	580	115	0.264	76.6	56.5	2.03×10¹²	—	—	-3	—	[18]
Rubrene/C₆₀	—	—	470	80	0.21	55	—	—	950	-1	—	[30]
PP-TPD	552	138	550	148	0.11	24	1.04×10¹²	160	42.8	-3	—	[31]
F8T2	—	—	450	110	0.016	<5	1.15×10¹²	125	10.6	-5	—	[32]
PP-Th	503	—	510	118	—	13	1.42×10¹²	84.9	3.1	—	—	[33]
PNa6-Th:PCBM	420	≈100	420	103	0.128	37.8	2.31×10¹²	142	9.1	-1	—	[34]
PCZ-Th-DPP	670	181	700	148	—	—	4.63×10¹²	109	1.23	-1	—	[35]
PSBOTz:PNDBO	536	>100	530	153	0.07	16.4	1.1×10¹³	—	—	-2	—	[36]
PolyTPD:SBDTIC	695	—	740	141	0.06	10.5	1.42×10¹³	77.9	118.3	0	—	[37]
SubPc:C₆₀			≈580	50		40.6	≈8×10¹¹	—	—	-2	120	[19]
SubPc			571	137.71	0.14	31.91	2.40×10¹²	—	—	0	—	[20]
NPy-Te-BABS:C₆₀	525	25	535	92	0.285	66	9.36×10¹²	98	—	-3	—	[27]
NPh-Te-BABS:C₆₀	535	45	540	114	0.2	50	4.12×10¹¹		—	-3	—	[27]
BDP-OMe	—	—	770	96	—	49.3	1.0×10¹³	—	1050	0	8.3	[38]
DIBSQ:SBDTIC	—	—	676	85	0.083	—	5.06×10¹²	74.32	11.56	-2	5.29	[39]
M4	545	48	550	97	0.21	48.6	3.73×10¹³	—	—	-3	—	[24]
ISQ	—	—	680	80	0.285	15	3.2×10¹²	114	190	-2	—	[28]
Ketocyanine:PC₆₀BM	504	69	510	130	0.03	3.5	—	—	—	-1	—	[22]
KetocyanineBr	515	71	525	80	0.06	15	1.00×10¹¹	80	25	-1	—	[23]
CY7-T	—	—	850	130	0.165	23	1.0×10¹²	—	—	-2	—	[21]
PSQ	550	135	600	110	0.32	66	7.7×10¹²	48	—	-2.5	—	[40]
Cyanine 1:C₆₀	548	—	560	97	0.32	15	70	4.37×10¹³	—	—	3	—	[26]
Cyanine 2:C₆₀	524	—	540	102		46.7	—	—	—	3	—	[26]
UPSQ	500	99	500	90	0.06	16	3×10¹¹	>50	—	-3	—	[29]

基于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器^★

Organic Photodetectors Based on Narrowband Absorption Materials^★

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[1]	王一诺, 邵世洋, 王利祥. 窄谱带多重共振有机高分子荧光材料研究进展^★[J]. 化学学报, 2023, 81(9): 1202-1214.
[2]	王成, 张弛, 陈琪, 陈立桅. 倍增型窄带响应有机光电探测器的界面调控[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(8): 1030-1036.

基于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器★

Organic Photodetectors Based on Narrowband Absorption Materials★

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基于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器^★

Organic Photodetectors Based on Narrowband Absorption Materials^★