手性磷-烯配体在不对称催化领域的研究进展

doi:10.6023/A17040181

摘要/Abstract

手性磷-烯配体在不对称催化反应中的应用近年来受到化学家们的关注，已经成为一个热门的研究领域.磷-烯配体作为一类新兴杂化烯烃配体，将具有强配位能力的磷原子与配位方式特殊但配位能力相对较弱的碳-碳双键结合在一起，兼具了部分手性膦配体和手性双烯配体的优点，在一些过渡金属如铑、钯、铱等催化的不对称反应中表现出独特的催化性能，不但能高效催化反应，而且能取得优异的对映选择性.本文综述了自2004年首例磷-烯配体的合成及应用报道以来该领域的研究进展，对过去十几年中发展的各种手性磷-烯配体的结构特征、合成方法以及它们在不同催化不对称反应中的应用进行了分类概括，期望为未来进一步拓展手性烯烃配体的类型和应用提供思考和方向.

关键词: 不对称催化, 手性配体, 烯烃配体, 磷-烯配体, 不对称合成

Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations are among the most powerful and straightforward strategies to access various enantioenriched compounds.Hence,considerable efforts have been focused on the development of novel chiral ligands capable of highly efficient and enantioselective catalysis.The importance of olefin as ligand in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions wasn't realized until the report of the Zeise'salt in 1827.Nevertheless,application of chiral olefins as ligands for asymmetric catalysis has been overlooked for quite a long time owing to their relatively weak binding affinity toward the central metal.Since the groundbreaking work of Hayashi and Carreira in 2003~2004,chiral dienes as steering ligands in asymmetric catalysis have emerged as a fascinating new field.Given the weak coordination ability of olefins to transition-metals,functional groups with high coordination ability were considered to incorporate into the olefin framework to create a new type of hybrid olefin ligands for asymmetric catalysis.Over the past few years,a diverse range of hybrid olefin ligands were developed for various enantioselective transformations.Among these,phosphorus-based olefins represent a particularly interesting class of ligands since the first concept demonstration by Grützmacher in 2004,combining the strong coordinating phosphorus atom and the weak coordinating olefin into one ligand molecule.Typically,three structurally different types of phosphorus-based olefins are known in the literature,including phosphine-olefins,phosphoramidite/phosphinamidite-olefins,and phosphite/phosphinite-olefins.They have been successfully utilized in a series of transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions,such as iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of imines,allylic substitution;rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition of organoboron reagents to α,β-unsaturated compounds,1,2-addition of organoboron reagents to imines/carbonyl compounds,intramolecular hydroacylation;and palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation/amination/etherification of allylic esters,as well as Suzuki-coupling reactions.In many cases,the reactions occur with high enantioselectivities,allows for access to a broad range of valuable chiral products.This paper reviews the literatures in this field and summarizes the remarkable progress and advances in the use of various P-olefins as powerful ligands for diverse transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations since 2004.The aim is to offer an overview of the recent achievements in the rational design and development of new hybrid chiral olefin ligands for effective enantioselective catalysis.We hope that the current success of chiral phosphorus-olefin catalysis would provide an exciting opportunity for future exploration of chiral olefin ligands in a wide variety of asymmetric reactions.

Key words: asymmetric catalysis, chiral ligand, olefin ligand, phosphorus-olefin ligand, asymmetric synthesis

引用此文

于月娜, 徐明华. 手性磷-烯配体在不对称催化领域的研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2017, 75(7): 655-670.

Yu Yue-Na, Xu Ming-Hua. Chiral Phosphorus-Olefin Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis[J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2017, 75(7): 655-670.

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