动态智能的中空结构多功能体系

doi:10.6023/A25090315

化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 84 ›› Issue (2): 264-273.DOI: 10.6023/A25090315 上一篇

研究展望

动态智能的中空结构多功能体系

赵德偲^a^,^*(), 康乃馨^a^,^b, 王丹^c^,^*()

^a 中国科学院过程工程研究所生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室北京 100190
^b 中国科学院大学北京 100049
^c 深圳大学化学与环境工程学院化学与环境工程学院广东深圳 518071

投稿日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-11-12
通讯作者: 赵德偲, 王丹

作者简介:

赵德偲, 中国科学院过程工程研究所副研究员. 2022年于中国科学院过程工程研究所获得工学博士学位. 主要从事中空多壳层结构生物材料的设计合成及应用研究, 近五年以第一/通讯作者在Nat. Commun.、Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.、Adv. Mater.等期刊发表论文.

王丹, 深圳大学特聘教授. 从事无机多功能结构体系的合成化学研究. 获国家基金委杰出青年基金, 国务院特殊津贴专家, 中组部万人计划科技创新领军人才, 科技部中青年科技创新领军人才等. 现任中国化学会会士、英国皇家化学会会士、国际溶剂热水热协会理事. 在Nature, Nat. Rev. Chem., Nat. Energy, Nat. Chem., Nat. Commun., Chem, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Adv. Mater., Energy Environ. Sci.等期刊发表学术论文250余篇, SCI他引2.3万余次, H因子81, 连续6年入选科睿唯安高被引科学家.

基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金(52202354); 生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室开放基金(2023KF-04)

Dynamic Intelligent Multi-functional System Based on Hollow Structure

Decai Zhao^a^,^*(), Naixin Kang^a^,^b, Dan Wang^c^,^*()

^a State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^c College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, Guangdong, China

Received:2025-09-18 Published:2025-11-12
Contact: Decai Zhao, Dan Wang
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202354); Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery(2023KF-04)

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摘要/Abstract

生命体的动态演变过程为多级动态组装材料的研究带来了重要启发. 动态智能的中空结构凭借其空腔构造的多样性、壳壁组成的丰富性以及表面修饰的多功能性等特性, 在生物医药领域展现出极具潜力的应用前景. 本文梳理了动态中空结构多功能体系的实现策略, 按照自上而下和自下而上两种路径分类, 总结该体系的动态基元和驱动机制; 此外, 阐述了其在药物递送、疾病检测及疾病治疗三大领域的具体应用; 最后对动态智能的中空多壳层结构的设计优化和未来应用方向进行了展望.

关键词: 动态智能, 中空多壳层结构, 药物递送, 中空结构, 生物材料

The dynamic evolution of living organisms has inspired extensive research on multi-level dynamic assembly materials, a cutting-edge direction in materials chemistry that bridges fundamental science and practical applications. Driven by dynamic chemistry, these materials rely on covalent and non-covalent interactions to gain intelligent properties like stimulus responsiveness, structural reversibility and self-healing, strongly supporting their great potential in biomedicine, especially in precise diagnosis and targeted therapy. Hollow structures, featuring unique spatial configurations, high volume ratio cavities and modifiable surfaces properties, are inspired by natural systems like cells and blood vessels. It naturally fulfills indispensable functions of protection, loading and transportation. Through elaborate internal space design, researchers have further constructed multi-core, multi-shell, and multi-compartment structures, significantly expanding the hollow structure’s functional boundaries and application scenarios, and endowing it with irreplaceable advantages in drug delivery, energy conversion and storage. Combining these advantages, dynamic intelligent hollow materials have emerged as a prominent research hotspot in biomedicine, while facing critical challenges. Their design demands establishing clear structure-activity relationships to achieve controllable fabrication of multi-level structures and precise regulation of size and morphology. Additionally, these materials must integrate core functions including targeting, theranostics and self-healing, while balancing in vivo stability, biocompatibility and metabolic safety, and effectively resolving the controllability and long-term efficacy of dynamic evolution under complex and dynamic physiological environments. This review presents systematic strategies for constructing multifunctional systems with dynamic hollow structures, focusing on the systematic summary of dynamic building blocks (e.g., polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, biological macromolecules) and driving forces (including pH, light and solvent environment), classified into top-down and bottom-up approaches. Furthermore, applications of dynamic hollow structures in drug delivery, disease detection, and cancer treatment are discussed in detail. Finally, the review provides a forward-looking perspective on the rational design and synthesis of hollow multishelled structure, as well as their application prospects in hierarchical targeted therapy, pulsed drug release, and theragnostic integration, aiming to guide the development of next-generation advanced biomaterials.

Key words: dynamic intelligent, hollow multishelled structure, drug delivery, hollow structure, biomaterials

引用此文

赵德偲, 康乃馨, 王丹. 动态智能的中空结构多功能体系[J]. 化学学报, 2026, 84(2): 264-273.

Decai Zhao, Naixin Kang, Dan Wang. Dynamic Intelligent Multi-functional System Based on Hollow Structure[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2026, 84(2): 264-273.

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图/表 9

图1. 动态智能的中空结构多功能体系的设计与应用

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the design and application of dynamic intelligent multi-functional system based on hollow structure

图2. 不同驱动力诱导的动态变化. (a) pH驱动; (b)光驱动; (c)溶剂环境驱动

Figure 2. Schematic diagram for different driving force induce dynamic changes of structure. (a) pH-driven; (b) light-driven; (c) solvent environment-driven

图3. 动态中空结构自下而上的合成策略. (a)在聚合物纳米胶囊内将胶体纳米颗粒组装成中空结构的过程示意图. 经参考文献[21]许可转载, 版权2021 Wiley-VCH. (b)不同形貌的POSS基组装体合成示意图. 经参考文献[26]许可转载, 版权2021 Chinese Chemical Society

Figure 3. Bottom-up strategy to synthesize dynamic hollow structure. (a) Schematic diagram of the process of assembling colloidal nanoparticles into hollow structures inside polymer nanocapsules. Reprinted with permission from ref. [21]. Copyright © 2021 Wiley-VCH. (b) Synthesis diagram of POSS-based assemblies with different morphologies. Reprinted with permission from ref. [26]. Copyright © 2021 Chinese Chemical Society

图4. 动态中空二氧化硅的设计及药物递送. (a)可降解的SiO2药物载体作用示意图. 经参考文献[31]许可转载. 版权2013 American Chemical Society. (b)可降解的中空多壳层SiO2用于自适应药物递送示意图. 经参考文献[32]许可转载. 版权2022 American Chemical Society

Figure 4. Design and drug delivery of dynamic hollow silica. (a) Schematic diagram of biodegradable SiO2 drug carrier. Reprinted with permission from ref. [31]. Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. (b) Schematic diagram of biodegradable hollow multi-shell SiO2 for adaptive drug delivery. Reprinted with permission from ref. [32]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

图5. 动态中空结构用于药物递送. (a)以纳米药物为壳层的微气泡组装体合成示意图. (b)微气泡的靶向抗血栓递送应用示意图. 经参考文献[34]许可转载. 版权2020 AAAS

Figure 5. Dynamic hollow structure for drug delivery. (a) Schematic diagram of synthesis of microbubble assembly with nanomedicine as shells. (b) Schematic diagram of targeted delivery of microbubble for thrombolysis. Reprinted with permission from ref. [34]. Copyright © 2020 AAAS

图6. 动态中空结构用于疾病检测. (a) Au纳米球的表面修饰; (b)金/银合金立方体的表面修饰; (c) miRNA触发的自组装及检测; (d)组装体的透射电子显微镜照片. 经参考文献[38]许可转载. 版权2019 Wiley-VCH

Figure 6. Dynamic hollow structure for disease detection. (a) Surface modification of Au nanospheres; (b) Surface modification of gold/silver alloy cubes; (c) miRNA-triggered self-assembly and detection; (d) TEM images of the assembly. Reprinted with permission from ref. [38]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley-VCH

图7. 动态中空材料在肿瘤治疗中的应用. (a)肿瘤环境诱导的颗粒聚集增强保留和细胞摄取策略. 经参考文献[45]许可转载. 版权2013 ACS Publications. (b)诱导肿瘤环境中的小尺寸囊泡生成促进肿瘤深层渗透策略. 经参考文献[49]许可转载. 版权2023 Springer Nature

Figure 7. Application of dynamic hollow materials in tumor therapy. (a) Tumor environment-induced particle aggregation enhances retention and cell uptake strategy. Reprinted with permission from ref. [45], Copyright © 2013 ACS Publications. (b) Strategies to induce small-size vesicles in the tumor environment to promote deep tumor penetration. Reprinted with permission from ref. [49], Copyright © 2023 Springer Nature

图8. 具有分级靶向能力的动态HoMS材料

Figure 8. Dynamic HoMS materials with hierarchical targeting capability

图9. 具有脉冲式药物释放功能的HoMS的设计

Figure 9. Design of HoMS with pulsatile drug delivery property

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动态智能的中空结构多功能体系

Dynamic Intelligent Multi-functional System Based on Hollow Structure

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