Research Progress on the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Applications in Tumor Therapy

doi:10.6023/A20120578

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (5): 600-613.DOI: 10.6023/A20120578 Previous Articles Next Articles

Special Issue: 分子探针、纳米生物学与生命分析化学；多孔材料：共价有机框架(COF)

Review

共价有机框架的合成及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展

王涛¹, 赵璐¹, 王科伟¹, 白云峰¹^,^*(), 冯锋¹^,^*()

1 山西大同大学化学与化工学院化学生物传感山西省重点实验室大同 037009

投稿日期:2020-12-22 发布日期:2021-02-05
通讯作者: 白云峰, 冯锋

作者简介:

王涛, 硕士研究生. 本科毕业于山西大同大学化学与化工学院, 2019年起于山西大同大学化学与化工学院攻读理学硕士学位. 主要研究方向为生物分析化学.

白云峰, 博士, 教授, 硕士生导师, 美国普渡大学访问学者, 现任化学生物传感山西省重点实验室副主任. 研究方向为生物分析化学, 近年来, 获得山西省科学技术二等奖1项, 山西省高等学校科学技术二等奖1项, 发表学术论文60余篇, 其中被SCI收录30余篇, 已获授权国家发明专利8项, 实用新型专利7项.

冯锋, 博士, 二级教授, 博士生导师, 享受国务院特殊津贴专家, 现任山西大同大学校长. 新世纪百千万人才工程国家级入选者、山西省“三晋英才”支持计划高端领军人才、山西省333人才工程入选者、山西省131领军人才工程学术技术带头人、山西省学术技术带头人、山西省委联系的高级专家、山西省优势特色学科化学学科带头人、山西省功能化学材料重点创新团队带头人、山西省新型介孔材料的合成应用与成果转化工程研究中心负责人、分析化学省重点建设学科带头人、化学生物传感山西省重点实验室主任. 曾获得山西省科学技术二等奖2项、山西省高等学校科学技术一等奖2项、山西省高等学校科学技术二等奖1项、山西省高等学校优秀教学成果特等奖1项、山西省高等学校优秀教学成果二等奖2项. 已出版学术专著2部, 在JACS、Anal Chem、Chem Comm、Biosens Bioelectron等杂志发表学术论文200余篇, 其中被SCI收录论文100余篇, 已获授权国家发明专利20余项, 主持国家自然科学基金4项、省自然科学基金等省级科研项目30余项.

基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金(21975146); 山西省自然科学基金(201801D121035); 山西省高等学校科学研究优秀成果培育项目(2020KJ023); 山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2020-133)

Research Progress on the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Applications in Tumor Therapy

Tao Wang¹, Lu Zhao¹, Kewei Wang¹, Yunfeng Bai¹^,^*(), Feng Feng¹^,^*()

1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China

Received:2020-12-22 Published:2021-02-05
Contact: Yunfeng Bai, Feng Feng
About author:
*E-mail: baiyunfeng1130@126.com
E-mail:feng-feng64@263.net
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975146); Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(201801D121035); Cultivate Scientific Research Excellence Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province(2020KJ023); Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2020-133)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous polymer composed of organic units developed in recent years. Due to their good porosity, modularity, crystallinity and biocompatibility, they show a good application prospect in tumor therapy. The porous channels with adjustable pore sizes of COFs make them become an ideal drug delivery material. In addition, COFs can also be used in photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy in combination with photothermal agents and photosensitizers. This review systematically introduces the synthesis methods of COFs, including solvothermal synthesis, mechanochemical synthesis, microwave synthesis, ionothermal synthesis, interfacial synthesis, room temperature synthesis and nanoscale synthesis. According to the differences in the mechanism of tumor therapy, the applications of COFs nanocarrier system for tumor therapy were reviewed, including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and combined therapy, proving that the promising drug carrier can effectively improve the therapeutic effect of nanocarriers on tumors. In addition, the main challenges and development trends of the COFs in the field of tumor therapy are discussed. This review could inspire research to design more effective COFs nano-drug delivery systems and promote the development of tumor therapy.

Key words: covalent organic framework, nanomaterial, tumor therapy, drug carrier

Cite this article

Tao Wang, Lu Zhao, Kewei Wang, Yunfeng Bai, Feng Feng. Research Progress on the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Applications in Tumor Therapy[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(5): 600-613.

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Fig. & Tab. 11

合成方法	优点	缺点
溶剂热合成法	能够为反应系统提供充足能量的特性使得产物更容易突破吉布斯自由能从而形成晶体	合成过程中条件要求高, 反应时间长, 难以用于COFs的大规模生产
机械化学合成法	能够以简单、绿色的途径构建化学键, 合成的COFs在酸、碱和高温中仍可保持原有结构	结晶度略差
微波合成法	合成速度快	对设备要求较高, 且会损耗大量能量
离子热合成法	可以在常压下进行	会导致材料部分碳化, 体系的能耗过高, 并且要求单体必须具有较高的溶解性和热稳定性
界面合成法	可以制备出结构良好的COFs薄膜	无法实现COFs的大规模生产
室温合成法	对合成反应的温度要求较低, 易于操作	只能用于制备少量席夫碱类的COFs, 应用范围较小
纳米尺度COFs的合成方法	可有效控制COFs形貌	机理复杂, 操作繁琐

Table 1. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of COFs synthesis method

Figure 1. Processes and structures of COFs synthesized by solvothermal method: (A) Synthesis and structure of NiPc COF[33]; (B) synthesis and structure of CuP-SQ COF[34]; (C) syntheses and structures of PI-COF-1, PI-COF-2 and PI-COF-3[35]; (D) synthesis and structure of β-ketoenamine COF [37]

Figure 2. Processes and structures of COFs synthesized by mechanochemical synthesis, microwave synthesis, and ionic thermal synthesis: (A) Syntheses and structures of COFs (MC)[42]; (B) syntheses and structures of TpTh, LZU-1 and DhaTph[43]; (C) synthesis of COF-5 by microwave synthesis[44]; (D) synthesis and structure of CTF[48]

Figure 3. Processes and structures of COFs synthesized by interface synthesis and room temperature synthesis: (A) COFs composed of triazine monomers[51]; (B) syntheses of 2DCCOF1 and 2DCCOF2[52]; (C) syntheses and structures of COF-42, COF-43, Pr-COF-42 and COF-LZU1[54]; (D) structure of BDT-COF[55]

Figure 4. Synthesis processes and structures of nanoscale COFs: (A) Synthesis and structure of nanoscale COF-8[57]; (B) syntheses and structures of nanoscale Schiff COFs[58]; (C) synthesis and structure of nanoscale COF-5[62]; (D) synthesis and structure of nanoscale TTA-AzoDFP[63]

Figure 5. Several applications of COFs in chemotherapy: (A) Structures of PI-3-COF and PI-2-COF[67]; (B) application of TpASH-FA in tumor therapy[68]; (C) application of PEG-CCM@APTES-COF-1 in tumor therapy[69]; (D) application of DOX@TAPB-DMTP-COF in tumor therapy[70]

Figure 6. Several applications of COFs in photothermal therapy: (A) Application of Fe3O4@COF (TpBD) in tumor therapy[66]; (B) application of Py-BPy+∙-COF/PEG in tumor therapy[73]

Figure 7. Several applications of COFs in photodynamic therapy: (A) Application of LZU-1-BODIPY-2I and LZU-1-BODIPY-2H in tumor therapy[79]; (B) application of COFs nanodots based on porphyrin in tumor therapy[80]; (C) application of COF-909 in tumor therapy[81]; (D) application of UCCOFs-1 in tumor therapy[83]

Figure 8. Several applications of COFs in combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy: (A) Application of ICG@COF-1@PDA in tumor therapy[90]; (B) application of VONc@COF-Por in tumor therapy[92]; (C) application of COF-LZU-1-CuSe@PEG in tumor therapy[93]; (D) application of COF@ICG@OVA in tumor therapy[78]

Figure 9. Several applications of COFs in photothermal and chemotherapy as well as photodynamic and chemotherapy combination therapy: (A) Application of COF@IR783@CAD in tumor therapy[95]; (B) application of PFD@COFTTA-DHTA@PLGA-PEG in tumor therapy[96]; (C) application of CaCO3@COF-BODIPY-2I@GAG in tumor therapy[97]

载体	优点	缺点
脂质体	生物相容性好、对疏水性和亲水性药物皆有较好的递送效果	不易被肿瘤细胞摄取
碳纳米管	比表面积大、易于功能化、负载效率高	合成成本较高、毒性较大
树状大分子	纳米尺寸易于控制、单分散性好、对药物分子易于控制、生物相容性好	难以大量合成可用于临床纯度的产品
MOFs	孔径分布均匀且可调整、比表面积大	易分解不稳定, 金属元素的存在使其具有细胞毒性
金属氧化物	稳定性好、生产成本低、形貌与粒径易于控制、拥有的磁性使其易于监测分布情况	亲水性差、生物相容性较差
MXenes	比表面积大、亲水性好、易功能化、稳定性好	合成过程污染环境、生物相容性较差
COFs	孔道结构规则有序、功能多样、比表面积大、孔隙率高	形貌不易控制

Table 2. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of various types of nanocarriers

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共价有机框架的合成及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Applications in Tumor Therapy

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