Recent Advances in Substituent Effects of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Small Molecules

doi:10.6023/A21010009

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (5): 557-574.DOI: 10.6023/A21010009 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

热活化延迟荧光蓝光小分子取代基效应的研究进展

周涛^a, 钱越^a, 王宏健^a, 冯全友^a^,^*(), 解令海^a^,^*(), 黄维^a^,^b

a 南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室南京 210023
b 西北工业大学柔性电子前沿科学中心柔性电子材料与器件工信部重点实验室西安 710072

投稿日期:2021-01-13 发布日期:2021-02-26
通讯作者: 冯全友, 解令海

作者简介:

周涛, 南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院/材料科学与工程学院2019级研究生, 导师为冯全友副教授. 主要从事有机发光材料的设计合成及其性能研究.

冯全友, 南京邮电大学材料科学与工程学院副教授、硕士生导师. 2005至2009年就读于西南大学化学与化工学院, 获得学士学位. 2009至2014年就读于复旦大学先进材料实验室, 获得博士学位 (导师: 周刚教授、王忠胜教授). 随后加入南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院/材料科学与工程学院. 2015至2017年在弗吉尼亚理工大学从事博士后研究 (导师: Tong Rong教授). 目前主要研究方向为有机/聚合物宽带隙半导体材料及其光电子器件.

解令海, 南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院/材料科学与工程学院教授、博士生导师, 国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金获得者. 2000年和2003年分别获得东北师范大学学士学位和汕头大学硕士学位. 2003至2006年就读于复旦大学先进材料研究院, 获得博士学位(导师: 黄维院士). 长期从事多功能有机半导体材料的设计合成及其在有机发光、有机激光、有机存储和忆阻器等领域的应用研究.

基金资助:
项目受江苏省自然科学基金(BK20190090); 国家自然科学基金(21774061)

Recent Advances in Substituent Effects of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Small Molecules

Tao Zhou^a, Yue Qian^a, Hongjian Wang^a, Quanyou Feng^a^,^*(), Linghai Xie^a^,^*(), Wei Huang^a^,^b

a State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
b Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Received:2021-01-13 Published:2021-02-26
Contact: Quanyou Feng, Linghai Xie
About author:
*E-mail: iamqyfeng@njupt.edu.cn
E-mail:iamlhxie@njupt.edu.cn
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190090); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21774061)

As the third-generation emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have attracted widespread attention from both academic and industrial communities in recent years. In TADF molecules, the triplet excitons can be upconverted to the singlet state with the aid of ambient thermal energy by virtue of the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) owing to the small singlet-triplet splitting energy (ΔE_ST). Therefore, 100% exciton utilization efficiency can be theoretically realized by harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons. Consequently, the external quantum efficiencies of OLEDs can be significantly improved compared with the first-generation devices based on conventional fluorophores. TADF materials are regarded as an effective potential solution to break through the bottleneck of highly efficient and stable blue organic electroluminescence (EL). Generally, TADF molecules is a purely organic push and pull system containing at least an electronic donor and acceptor. The Δ E_ST, frontier orbital distributions, aggregation structures, EL colors and device performance can be effectively tuning by changing the structures and quantities of the donor and the acceptor, the substituents and their substituted positions. Meanwhile, the substituents of TADF molecules play a crucial role in the regulation of the strengths of donor and acceptor, molecular configurations, aggregation structures, stabilities and other physical and chemical properties. The substituent effects of purely organic blue TADF molecules from D-A type and multiple-resonance type blue TADF molecules are summarized, in the hope of providing effective reference for the design and synthesis of high-efficiency and stable blue light TADF molecules.

Key words: blue emitter, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, small molecule, substituent, OLED

Cite this article

Tao Zhou, Yue Qian, Hongjian Wang, Quanyou Feng, Linghai Xie, Wei Huang. Recent Advances in Substituent Effects of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Small Molecules[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(5): 557-574.

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Emitter	T_g/T_d /℃		λ_PL/nm		PLQY^d/% (Sol./film)		ΔE_ST/eV		λ_EL/nm	CIE			EQE/%		Ref.
C1	-/285		437^a		39/-		-		456	(0.15, 0.12)			≤1		[48]
C2	86/285		460^a		18/-		-		472	(0.16, 0.24)			5.05		[48]
C3	316/436		442^a		49/-		0.30^a,f		-	(0.17, 0.20)			10.6		[49]
C4	322/454		456^a		68/-		0.24^a,f		-	(0.16, 0.22)			16.2		[49]
C5	318/-		464^a		70/-		0.22^a,f		-	(0.22, 0.40)			16.7		[49]
C6	325/-		480^a		86/-		0.17^a,f		-	(0.21, 0.41)			21.2		[49]
C7	-/368		403^a		13/28		0.31^a,f		418	(0.15, 0.05)			2.5		[50]
C8	-/375		417^a		34/66		0.22^a,f		436	(0.15, 0.07)			7.7		[50]
C9	-/397		414^a		32/76		0.26^a,f		428	(0.16, 0.06)			10.3		[50]
C10	-/417		460^a		83/86		0.14^a,f		468	(0.16, 0.23)			18		[50]
C11	-/-		480^a		85/-		0.17^a,f		-	-			-		[51]
C12	-/-		480^a		81/80		0.15^a,f		-	(0.21, 0.44)			20.9		[51]
C13	-/354		453^a		40/51		0.19 ^a,f		461	(0.21, 0.44)			13.8		[52]
C14	-/351		470^a		44/74		0.07 ^a,f		476	(0.21, 0.44)			23.8		[52]
B1	58/303		465^b		-/61^c		0.06^c,f		463	(0.15, 0.17)^g			8^g		[53]
B2	105/280		476^b		-/94^c		0.05^c,f		474	(0.15, 0.26)^g			19.1^g		[53]
B3	-/-		463^a		79/84		0.15^a,f		473	(0.14, 0.20)			24.1		[54]
B4	-/-		481^a		89/91		0.082^a,f		480	(0.14, 0.34)			26.1		[54]
B5	-/-		453 ^a		69/83		0.15 ^a,f		455	(0.14, 0.10)			16.1		[54]
B6	-/-		458 ^a		42/63		0.16 ^a,f		449	(0.15, 0.06)			14.9		[54]
B7	-/419		452^b		-/99^e		0.31 ^b,f		454	(0.14, 0.10)			5.5		[55]
B8	-/446		458^b		-/98^e		0.30 ^b,f		-	-			-		[55]
B9	-/456		451^b		-/56^e		0.26 ^b,f		464	(0.14, 0.15)			12.4		[55]
B10	-/414		469^b		-/95^e		0.11 ^b,f		469	(0.14, 0.19)			20.8		[55]
B11	-/421		512^b		-/99^e		0.04^a,f		512	(0.26, 0.57)			27.5		[55]
T1	-/-		458^a		54/74		0.09^a,f		487	(0.19, 0.35)			20.6		[57]
T2	-/-		451^a		74/80		0.28^a,f		478	(0.17, 0.27)			16.8		[57]
T3	-/-		-		43/-		0.23^a,f		459	(0.15, 0.16)			17.8		[58]
T4	-/-		-		99/100		0.07^a,f		500	(0.25, 0.50)			25.5		[58]
T5	-/-		-		84/98		0.20^a,f		496	(0.23, 0.46)			21.3		[58]
T6	125/366		-		16.7/-		0.1		470	(0.15, 0.22)			9.3		[59]
T7	124/309		-		50.5/-		0.03		484	(0.17, 0.34)			14.7		[59]
T8	128/373		-		43.0/-		0.01		480	(0.17, 0.31)			12.3		[59]
T9	-/366		418^a		74/54		0.30^a,f		437ⁱ	(0.15, 0.09)ⁱ			5.4		[60]
T10	-/546		429^a		73/88		0.21^a,f		445ⁱ	(0.15, 0.10)ⁱ			15.5		[60]
T11	90/334		495^b		-/59		0.062 ^b,f		-	(0.21, 0.50)			27.4		[62]
T12	136/368		478^b		-/82		0.133 ^b,f		-	(0.17, 0.38)			25.8		[62]
T13	155/353		480^b		-100		0.072 ^b,f		-	(0.18, 0.43)			36.7		[62]
T14	-/-		-		-/97.9		0.002^b,f		477	(0.18, 0.31)			20.4		[63]
T15	-/-		-		-/31.1		0.191 ^b,f		473	(0.17, 0.25)			13.2		[63]
T16	-/-		-		-/85.3		0.302 ^b,f		465	(0.15, 0.18)			16.7		[63]
T17	-/393		420^a		-/58		0.22^a,f		436ⁱ	(0.16, 0.11)ⁱ			4.5		[65]
T18	181/493		454^a		-/45		0.35^a,f		452ⁱ	(0.15, 0.13)ⁱ			5.4		[64]
T19	197/481		444^a		-/51		0.24^a,f		456ⁱ	(0.16, 0.17)ⁱ			7.21		[64]
T20	208/447		448^a		-/84		0.43^a,		484ⁱ	(0.20, 0.33)ⁱ			18.7		[65]
T21	178/428		432^a		-/85.6^e		0.19 ^b,f		468	(0.15, 0.18)			17.2		[67]
T22	-/463		442^a		-/91.1^e		0.17 ^b,f		472	(0.15, 0.22)			17.9		[67]
T23	170/374		456^a		-/93.3^e		0.15 ^b,f		480	(0.16, 0.30)			22.8		[67]
T24	181/436		446^a		- /97.9^e		0.11 ^b,f		472	(0.15, 0.24)			25.9		[67]
T25	-/-		432 ^a		72/87		0.43 ^a,f		-	-			7.2		[52]
T26	-/-		465^a		86/98		0.08^a,f		-	-			22		[52]
T27	-/-		432 ^a		60/92		0.17 ^a,f		-	(0.15, 0.10)			19.2		[52]
T28	-/-		432 ^a		35/85		0.15 ^a,f		-	(0.15, 0.10)			18.3		[52]
T29	-/381		473^a		-/100		0.24 ^a,f		-	(0.27, 0.57)			21.32		[68]
T30	97/351		457 ^a		-/100		0.27 ^a,f		-	(0.21, 0.47)			21.21		[68]
T31	-/358		424 ^a		-/19		0.45 ^a,f		-	(0.22, 0.45)			13.52		[68]
T32	-/-		468^b		-/70		0.16 ^b,f		-	(0.15, 0.20)			22.3		[69]
T33	-/-		465 ^b		-/64		0.16 ^b,f		464	(0.15, 0.16)			23.7		[69]
T34	-/-		458 ^b		-/43		0.18 ^b,f		456	(0.15, 0.13)			16		[69]
T35	-/-		472 ^a		-/17		0.18 ^a,f		487	(0.18, 0.25)			6.8		[70]
T36	-/-		478 ^a		-/68		0.093 ^a,f		496	(0.22, 0.39)			12.3		[70]
Emitter	T_g/T_d /℃		λ_PL/nm		PLQY^d/% (Sol./film)		ΔE_ST/eV		λ_EL/nm	CIE			EQE/%		Ref.
T37	-/-	472 ^a		-/98		0.077 ^a,f		496			(0.21, 0.44)	28.3		[70]
T38	-/-	456 ^a		-/37		0 ^a,f		484			(0.20, 0.30)	16.4		[70]
T39	150/470	-		-/84		0.24 ^a,f		482			(0.17, 0.28)	24.8		[71]
T40	158/474.4	-		-/87		0.16 ^a,f		482			(0.17, 0.30)	26.7		[71]
T41	-/461.2	-		-/90		0.11 ^a,f		488			(0.18, 0.35)	28.5		[71]
S1	-/-	402^a		57/60		0.54		-			-	2.9		[42]
S2	-/-	419^a		65/66		0.45		-			-	5.6		[42]
S3	-/-	-		-/70		0.18		-			(0.23, 0.39)	18.02		[73]
S4	-/-	-		-/92		0.05		-			(0.29, 0.52)	14.84		[73]
S5	-/-	451^a		64/-		-		-			-	-		[74]
S6	-/-	450^a		79/80		0.42^a,f		435			(0.16, 0.08)	8.5		[74]
S7	-/-	444^a		82/81		0.47^a,f		456			(0.17, 0.18)	5.3		[74]
S8	-/-	454^a		80/82		0.43^a,f		458			(0.17, 0.19)	5		[74]
S9	-/362	424^a		-/6		0.20 ^b,f		-			-	-		[46]
S10	-/399	437^a		-/54		0.09 ^b,f		455			(0.13, 0.13)	10.5		[46]
S11	-/386	488^a		-/48		0.24 ^b,f		-			-	-		[46]
S12	171/339	461^a		-/77.5		0.03 ^b,f		456			(0.15, 0.16)	17.0		[75]
S13	-/391	461^a		-/81.0		0.03 ^b,f		456			(0.15, 0.19)	24.1		[75]
S14	-/361	462^a		-/81.2		0.02 ^b,f		457			(0.15, 0.17)	20.1		[75]
S15	98/349	462^a		-/84.7		0.11 ^b,f		458			(0.16, 0.21)	14.6		[75]
S16	74/366	462^a		-/75.5		0.07 ^b,f		457			(0.16, 0.20)	12.6		[75]
S17	-/-	506^a		-/80		0.06 ^b,f		-			(0.16, 0.25)	21.2		[76]
S18	-/-	495^a		-/88		0.05 ^b,f		-			(0.15, 0.18)	22.6		[76]
N1	-/430	489^a		-/77		0.18 ^b,f		499			(0.21, 0.44)	20.9		[79]
N2	-/442	484^a		-/79		0.19 ^b,f		498			(0.21, 0.44)	19		[79]
N3	-/432	478^a		-/80		0.19 ^b,f		489			(0.19, 0.37)	20.4		[79]
N4	-/518	469^a		-/96.6^e		0.15^a,f		487			(0.18, 0.34)	25.56		[80]
N5	-/487	460^a		-/82.2^e		0.19^a,f		479			(0.17, 0.29)	24.36		[80]
N6	-/535	464^a		-/97.0^e		0.16^a,f		484			(0.18, 0.32)	31.45		[80]
N7	-/422	458^a		-/87^e		0.25 ^b,f		470			(0.16, 0.23)	20.4		[81]
N8	-/351	461^a		-/91^e		0.26 ^b,f		469			(0.16, 0.21)	17.1		[81]
N9	-/422	451^a		-/69^e		0.25 ^b,f		462			(0.16, 0.20)	12.2		[81]
N10	-/354	454^a		-/90^e		0.29 ^b,f		460			(0.16, 0.19)	14.3		[81]
N11	-/423	477 ^a		-/75		0.23 ^c,f		477			(0.17, 0.28)	24		[82]
N12	-/421	477 ^a		-/71		0.22^c,f		477			(0.17, 0.27)	19.8		[82]
N13	-/414	454 ^a		-/47		0.24 ^c,f		451			(0.16, 0.15)	17.8		[82]
N14	-/-	484^a		28.1/76.0^e		0.31		480			(0.16, 0.30)	14		[85]
N15	-/-	453^a		28.7/46.4^e		0.36		446			(0.16, 0.12)	4.7		[85]
N16	-/-	466^a		38.3/62.0^e		0.35		4.55			(0.16, 0.15)	6.8		[85]
N17	-/-	487^a		39.1/74.9^e		0.29		474			(0.16, 0.25)	11.2		[85]
N18	-/-	459^a		47/41.1^e		0.41		446			(0.15, 0.11)	6.6		[85]
O1	-/370	440^a		1/38		0.29^a,f		452ⁱ			(0.16, 0.13)ⁱ	4.2		[86]
O2	86/382	467^a		18/70		0.13^a,f		476ⁱ			(0.17, 0.27) ⁱ	9.4		[86]
O3	108/399	480^a		17.8/72		0.07^a,f		477ⁱ			(0.18, 0.28)ⁱ	11		[86]
O4	106/530	482^a		24.3/96		0.05^a,f		485ⁱ			(0.19, 0.32)ⁱ	23.9		[86]
O5	109/382	490^a		14/88.0		0.03^a,f		488			(0.17, 0.36)	24		[87]
O6	140/412	508^a		36/91.4		0.04^a,f		514			(0.30, 0.64)	27.2		[87]
O7	-/448	-		-/46		0.27 ^b,f		449			(0.15, 0.08)	12.4		[88]
O8	82/450	-		-/50		0.19 ^b,f		456			(0.14, 0.13)	16		[88]
O9	-/401	477^c		-/54.6		0.18^c,f		462^h			(0.15, 0.17) ^h	15.3		[89]
O10	-/444	490^c		- /67.5		0.14^c,f		470^h			(0.15, 0.22) ^h	20.9		[89]

Emitter	T_g/T_d /℃		λ_PL/nm		PLQY^d/% (Sol./film)		ΔE_ST/eV		λ_EL/nm	CIE			EQE/%		Ref.
C1	-/285		437^a		39/-		-		456	(0.15, 0.12)			≤1		[48]
C2	86/285		460^a		18/-		-		472	(0.16, 0.24)			5.05		[48]
C3	316/436		442^a		49/-		0.30^a,f		-	(0.17, 0.20)			10.6		[49]
C4	322/454		456^a		68/-		0.24^a,f		-	(0.16, 0.22)			16.2		[49]
C5	318/-		464^a		70/-		0.22^a,f		-	(0.22, 0.40)			16.7		[49]
C6	325/-		480^a		86/-		0.17^a,f		-	(0.21, 0.41)			21.2		[49]
C7	-/368		403^a		13/28		0.31^a,f		418	(0.15, 0.05)			2.5		[50]
C8	-/375		417^a		34/66		0.22^a,f		436	(0.15, 0.07)			7.7		[50]
C9	-/397		414^a		32/76		0.26^a,f		428	(0.16, 0.06)			10.3		[50]
C10	-/417		460^a		83/86		0.14^a,f		468	(0.16, 0.23)			18		[50]
C11	-/-		480^a		85/-		0.17^a,f		-	-			-		[51]
C12	-/-		480^a		81/80		0.15^a,f		-	(0.21, 0.44)			20.9		[51]
C13	-/354		453^a		40/51		0.19 ^a,f		461	(0.21, 0.44)			13.8		[52]
C14	-/351		470^a		44/74		0.07 ^a,f		476	(0.21, 0.44)			23.8		[52]
B1	58/303		465^b		-/61^c		0.06^c,f		463	(0.15, 0.17)^g			8^g		[53]
B2	105/280		476^b		-/94^c		0.05^c,f		474	(0.15, 0.26)^g			19.1^g		[53]
B3	-/-		463^a		79/84		0.15^a,f		473	(0.14, 0.20)			24.1		[54]
B4	-/-		481^a		89/91		0.082^a,f		480	(0.14, 0.34)			26.1		[54]
B5	-/-		453 ^a		69/83		0.15 ^a,f		455	(0.14, 0.10)			16.1		[54]
B6	-/-		458 ^a		42/63		0.16 ^a,f		449	(0.15, 0.06)			14.9		[54]
B7	-/419		452^b		-/99^e		0.31 ^b,f		454	(0.14, 0.10)			5.5		[55]
B8	-/446		458^b		-/98^e		0.30 ^b,f		-	-			-		[55]
B9	-/456		451^b		-/56^e		0.26 ^b,f		464	(0.14, 0.15)			12.4		[55]
B10	-/414		469^b		-/95^e		0.11 ^b,f		469	(0.14, 0.19)			20.8		[55]
B11	-/421		512^b		-/99^e		0.04^a,f		512	(0.26, 0.57)			27.5		[55]
T1	-/-		458^a		54/74		0.09^a,f		487	(0.19, 0.35)			20.6		[57]
T2	-/-		451^a		74/80		0.28^a,f		478	(0.17, 0.27)			16.8		[57]
T3	-/-		-		43/-		0.23^a,f		459	(0.15, 0.16)			17.8		[58]
T4	-/-		-		99/100		0.07^a,f		500	(0.25, 0.50)			25.5		[58]
T5	-/-		-		84/98		0.20^a,f		496	(0.23, 0.46)			21.3		[58]
T6	125/366		-		16.7/-		0.1		470	(0.15, 0.22)			9.3		[59]
T7	124/309		-		50.5/-		0.03		484	(0.17, 0.34)			14.7		[59]
T8	128/373		-		43.0/-		0.01		480	(0.17, 0.31)			12.3		[59]
T9	-/366		418^a		74/54		0.30^a,f		437ⁱ	(0.15, 0.09)ⁱ			5.4		[60]
T10	-/546		429^a		73/88		0.21^a,f		445ⁱ	(0.15, 0.10)ⁱ			15.5		[60]
T11	90/334		495^b		-/59		0.062 ^b,f		-	(0.21, 0.50)			27.4		[62]
T12	136/368		478^b		-/82		0.133 ^b,f		-	(0.17, 0.38)			25.8		[62]
T13	155/353		480^b		-100		0.072 ^b,f		-	(0.18, 0.43)			36.7		[62]
T14	-/-		-		-/97.9		0.002^b,f		477	(0.18, 0.31)			20.4		[63]
T15	-/-		-		-/31.1		0.191 ^b,f		473	(0.17, 0.25)			13.2		[63]
T16	-/-		-		-/85.3		0.302 ^b,f		465	(0.15, 0.18)			16.7		[63]
T17	-/393		420^a		-/58		0.22^a,f		436ⁱ	(0.16, 0.11)ⁱ			4.5		[65]
T18	181/493		454^a		-/45		0.35^a,f		452ⁱ	(0.15, 0.13)ⁱ			5.4		[64]
T19	197/481		444^a		-/51		0.24^a,f		456ⁱ	(0.16, 0.17)ⁱ			7.21		[64]
T20	208/447		448^a		-/84		0.43^a,		484ⁱ	(0.20, 0.33)ⁱ			18.7		[65]
T21	178/428		432^a		-/85.6^e		0.19 ^b,f		468	(0.15, 0.18)			17.2		[67]
T22	-/463		442^a		-/91.1^e		0.17 ^b,f		472	(0.15, 0.22)			17.9		[67]
T23	170/374		456^a		-/93.3^e		0.15 ^b,f		480	(0.16, 0.30)			22.8		[67]
T24	181/436		446^a		- /97.9^e		0.11 ^b,f		472	(0.15, 0.24)			25.9		[67]
T25	-/-		432 ^a		72/87		0.43 ^a,f		-	-			7.2		[52]
T26	-/-		465^a		86/98		0.08^a,f		-	-			22		[52]
T27	-/-		432 ^a		60/92		0.17 ^a,f		-	(0.15, 0.10)			19.2		[52]
T28	-/-		432 ^a		35/85		0.15 ^a,f		-	(0.15, 0.10)			18.3		[52]
T29	-/381		473^a		-/100		0.24 ^a,f		-	(0.27, 0.57)			21.32		[68]
T30	97/351		457 ^a		-/100		0.27 ^a,f		-	(0.21, 0.47)			21.21		[68]
T31	-/358		424 ^a		-/19		0.45 ^a,f		-	(0.22, 0.45)			13.52		[68]
T32	-/-		468^b		-/70		0.16 ^b,f		-	(0.15, 0.20)			22.3		[69]
T33	-/-		465 ^b		-/64		0.16 ^b,f		464	(0.15, 0.16)			23.7		[69]
T34	-/-		458 ^b		-/43		0.18 ^b,f		456	(0.15, 0.13)			16		[69]
T35	-/-		472 ^a		-/17		0.18 ^a,f		487	(0.18, 0.25)			6.8		[70]
T36	-/-		478 ^a		-/68		0.093 ^a,f		496	(0.22, 0.39)			12.3		[70]
Emitter	T_g/T_d /℃		λ_PL/nm		PLQY^d/% (Sol./film)		ΔE_ST/eV		λ_EL/nm	CIE			EQE/%		Ref.
T37	-/-	472 ^a		-/98		0.077 ^a,f		496			(0.21, 0.44)	28.3		[70]
T38	-/-	456 ^a		-/37		0 ^a,f		484			(0.20, 0.30)	16.4		[70]
T39	150/470	-		-/84		0.24 ^a,f		482			(0.17, 0.28)	24.8		[71]
T40	158/474.4	-		-/87		0.16 ^a,f		482			(0.17, 0.30)	26.7		[71]
T41	-/461.2	-		-/90		0.11 ^a,f		488			(0.18, 0.35)	28.5		[71]
S1	-/-	402^a		57/60		0.54		-			-	2.9		[42]
S2	-/-	419^a		65/66		0.45		-			-	5.6		[42]
S3	-/-	-		-/70		0.18		-			(0.23, 0.39)	18.02		[73]
S4	-/-	-		-/92		0.05		-			(0.29, 0.52)	14.84		[73]
S5	-/-	451^a		64/-		-		-			-	-		[74]
S6	-/-	450^a		79/80		0.42^a,f		435			(0.16, 0.08)	8.5		[74]
S7	-/-	444^a		82/81		0.47^a,f		456			(0.17, 0.18)	5.3		[74]
S8	-/-	454^a		80/82		0.43^a,f		458			(0.17, 0.19)	5		[74]
S9	-/362	424^a		-/6		0.20 ^b,f		-			-	-		[46]
S10	-/399	437^a		-/54		0.09 ^b,f		455			(0.13, 0.13)	10.5		[46]
S11	-/386	488^a		-/48		0.24 ^b,f		-			-	-		[46]
S12	171/339	461^a		-/77.5		0.03 ^b,f		456			(0.15, 0.16)	17.0		[75]
S13	-/391	461^a		-/81.0		0.03 ^b,f		456			(0.15, 0.19)	24.1		[75]
S14	-/361	462^a		-/81.2		0.02 ^b,f		457			(0.15, 0.17)	20.1		[75]
S15	98/349	462^a		-/84.7		0.11 ^b,f		458			(0.16, 0.21)	14.6		[75]
S16	74/366	462^a		-/75.5		0.07 ^b,f		457			(0.16, 0.20)	12.6		[75]
S17	-/-	506^a		-/80		0.06 ^b,f		-			(0.16, 0.25)	21.2		[76]
S18	-/-	495^a		-/88		0.05 ^b,f		-			(0.15, 0.18)	22.6		[76]
N1	-/430	489^a		-/77		0.18 ^b,f		499			(0.21, 0.44)	20.9		[79]
N2	-/442	484^a		-/79		0.19 ^b,f		498			(0.21, 0.44)	19		[79]
N3	-/432	478^a		-/80		0.19 ^b,f		489			(0.19, 0.37)	20.4		[79]
N4	-/518	469^a		-/96.6^e		0.15^a,f		487			(0.18, 0.34)	25.56		[80]
N5	-/487	460^a		-/82.2^e		0.19^a,f		479			(0.17, 0.29)	24.36		[80]
N6	-/535	464^a		-/97.0^e		0.16^a,f		484			(0.18, 0.32)	31.45		[80]
N7	-/422	458^a		-/87^e		0.25 ^b,f		470			(0.16, 0.23)	20.4		[81]
N8	-/351	461^a		-/91^e		0.26 ^b,f		469			(0.16, 0.21)	17.1		[81]
N9	-/422	451^a		-/69^e		0.25 ^b,f		462			(0.16, 0.20)	12.2		[81]
N10	-/354	454^a		-/90^e		0.29 ^b,f		460			(0.16, 0.19)	14.3		[81]
N11	-/423	477 ^a		-/75		0.23 ^c,f		477			(0.17, 0.28)	24		[82]
N12	-/421	477 ^a		-/71		0.22^c,f		477			(0.17, 0.27)	19.8		[82]
N13	-/414	454 ^a		-/47		0.24 ^c,f		451			(0.16, 0.15)	17.8		[82]
N14	-/-	484^a		28.1/76.0^e		0.31		480			(0.16, 0.30)	14		[85]
N15	-/-	453^a		28.7/46.4^e		0.36		446			(0.16, 0.12)	4.7		[85]
N16	-/-	466^a		38.3/62.0^e		0.35		4.55			(0.16, 0.15)	6.8		[85]
N17	-/-	487^a		39.1/74.9^e		0.29		474			(0.16, 0.25)	11.2		[85]
N18	-/-	459^a		47/41.1^e		0.41		446			(0.15, 0.11)	6.6		[85]
O1	-/370	440^a		1/38		0.29^a,f		452ⁱ			(0.16, 0.13)ⁱ	4.2		[86]
O2	86/382	467^a		18/70		0.13^a,f		476ⁱ			(0.17, 0.27) ⁱ	9.4		[86]
O3	108/399	480^a		17.8/72		0.07^a,f		477ⁱ			(0.18, 0.28)ⁱ	11		[86]
O4	106/530	482^a		24.3/96		0.05^a,f		485ⁱ			(0.19, 0.32)ⁱ	23.9		[86]
O5	109/382	490^a		14/88.0		0.03^a,f		488			(0.17, 0.36)	24		[87]
O6	140/412	508^a		36/91.4		0.04^a,f		514			(0.30, 0.64)	27.2		[87]
O7	-/448	-		-/46		0.27 ^b,f		449			(0.15, 0.08)	12.4		[88]
O8	82/450	-		-/50		0.19 ^b,f		456			(0.14, 0.13)	16		[88]
O9	-/401	477^c		-/54.6		0.18^c,f		462^h			(0.15, 0.17) ^h	15.3		[89]
O10	-/444	490^c		- /67.5		0.14^c,f		470^h			(0.15, 0.22) ^h	20.9		[89]

Emitter	T_g/T_d /℃	λ_PL/nm	PLQY^c/% (Sol./film)	ΔE_ST/eV	FWHM/nm	λ_EL/nm	CIE	EQE/%	Ref.
MR1	-/-	460^a	88.00^d/-	0.20^{a, e}	28	459	(0.13, 0.09)	20.2	[90]
MR2	-/406	470^a	97.48^d/-	0.14^{a, e}	27	474	(0.12, 0.19)	32.1	[91]
MR3	-/323	453^a	-/72.4	0.18^{a, e}	39	468	(0.13, 0.18)	19.4	[92]
MR4	-/391	466^a	-/73	0.18 ^{b, e}	44	480	(0.13, 0.32)	19.1	[93]
MR5	-/399	464^a	-/68	0.19 ^{b, e}	34	472	(0.12, 0.24)	18.7	[93]
MR6	-/437	468^a	37/80	0.21 ^{b, e}	36	480	(0.12, 0.32)	21.1	[94]

Emitter	T_g/T_d /℃	λ_PL/nm	PLQY^c/% (Sol./film)	ΔE_ST/eV	FWHM/nm	λ_EL/nm	CIE	EQE/%	Ref.
MR1	-/-	460^a	88.00^d/-	0.20^{a, e}	28	459	(0.13, 0.09)	20.2	[90]
MR2	-/406	470^a	97.48^d/-	0.14^{a, e}	27	474	(0.12, 0.19)	32.1	[91]
MR3	-/323	453^a	-/72.4	0.18^{a, e}	39	468	(0.13, 0.18)	19.4	[92]
MR4	-/391	466^a	-/73	0.18 ^{b, e}	44	480	(0.13, 0.32)	19.1	[93]
MR5	-/399	464^a	-/68	0.19 ^{b, e}	34	472	(0.12, 0.24)	18.7	[93]
MR6	-/437	468^a	37/80	0.21 ^{b, e}	36	480	(0.12, 0.32)	21.1	[94]

热活化延迟荧光蓝光小分子取代基效应的研究进展

Recent Advances in Substituent Effects of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Small Molecules

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