有机化学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 2733-2742.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202603002 上一篇    下一篇

研究论文

铜(I)促进芳香类C(sp2)—H键的硝化反应

金海瑞a, 秦杰a,*(), 赵亚婷a,*(), 夏吾炯b   

  1. a 衢州学院化学与材料工程学院 浙江衢州 324000
    b 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)理学院 广东深圳 518055
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-02 修回日期:2026-06-03 发布日期:2026-06-26
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省自然科学基金联合基金(LQZSZ26B020001); 及衢州市科技计划(2024K139)

Copper(I)-Promoted Aromatic C(sp2)—H Nitration

Hairui Jina, Jie Qina,*(), Yating Zhaoa,*(), Wujiong Xiab   

  1. a College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000
    b School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055
  • Received:2026-03-02 Revised:2026-06-03 Published:2026-06-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: liveagain@126.com;qinjie199010@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Joint Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LQZSZ26B020001); Science and Technology Plan of Quzhou City(2024K139)

硝基芳烃化合物是重要的化工原料和中间体, 被广泛应用于多种领域. 开发条件温和且普遍适用的芳烃硝化方法一直是有机化学界长期追求的目标. 利用亚硝酸钠或亚硝酸叔丁酯(TBN)作为硝化试剂, 1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷二(四氟硼酸)盐(Selectfluor)作为氧化剂, 铜(I)作为催化剂, 开发了一种高效的芳烃C(sp2)—H硝化方法, 硝化产物产率高达96%. 该方法具有良好的官能团耐受性, 能够兼容酯基、羰基、硝基、氰基、卤素等官能团, 且表现出较好的底物适用性, 包括富电子芳烃和缺电子芳烃, 以及一些复杂分子和药物分子.

关键词: 芳烃C(sp2)—H硝化, 铜催化, 1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷二(四氟硼酸)盐(Selectfluor), 亚硝酸叔丁酯, 亚硝酸钠

Nitroaromatic compounds are important chemical raw materials and intermediates, which are widely used in various fields. The development of mild and generally applicable methods for the nitration of arenes has long been a pursuit in organic chemistry. An efficient C(sp2)—H nitration of arenes was developed, using sodium nitrite or tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as nitrating reagents, 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (Selectfluor) as the oxidant in the presence copper(I) catalysts. The nitrated products were obtained in yields up to 96%. This method demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance, accommodating esters, carbonyls, nitro, cyano, and halogen groups. Furthermore, it exhibits broad substrate scope, encompassing electron-rich and electron-deficient arenes, as well as complex pharmaceutical molecules.

Key words: C(sp2)—H nitration of arene, copper catalysis, 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetra- fluoroborate) (Selectfluor), tert-butyl nitrite, NaNO2