1 结果与讨论
1.1 锌配合物的单晶结构分析
表1 锌配合物的晶体学数据Table 1 Crystallographic data of the zinc complex |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Formula | C44H68ZnN12O24S4 |
| Formula weight | 1314.5 |
| Crystal system | Triclinic |
| Space group | P-1 |
| a/nm | 0.75461(3) |
| b/nm | 0.91215(3) |
| c/nm | 1.24011(10) |
| α/(°) | 75.1310(10) |
| β/(°) | 89.0470(10) |
| γ/(°) | 78.3130(10) |
| V/nm3 | 0.80734(5) |
| Z | 1 |
| Dc/(mg•m-3) | 1.522 |
| Goodness-of-fit F2 | 1.100 |
| R1a, wR2b | 0.0497, 0.1492 |
| R1, wR2 (all data) | 0.0522, 0.1520 |
a R1=Σ║Fo│-│Fc║/Σ│Fo│. b wR2={Σ[w(Fo2-Fc2)2]/ Σ[w(Fo2)2]}1/2. |
图1 (a)锌配合物的分子结构; (b)氢键连接环境; (c)二维层状结构; (d)三维空间立体结构Figure 1 (a) Molecule structure of the zinc complex; (b) Hydrogen bonding environment; (c) 2D lamellar structure; (d) 3D spatial structure diagram |
表2 锌配合物的部分键长(nm)和键角(°)aTable 2 Partial bond lengths (nm) and bond angles (°) of the zinc complex |
| Bond | Length/nm | Bond angle | Angle/(°) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zn(1)—N(1) | 0.2101(3) | O(2W)—Zn(1)—O(1W) | 88.82(11) |
| Zn(1)—N(1)#1 | 0.2101(3) | O(2W)#1—Zn(1)—O(1W) | 91.18(11) |
| Zn(1)—O(1W) | 0.2142(3) | N(1)#1—Zn(1)—O(2W)#1 | 88.63(10) |
| Zn(1)—O(1W)#1 | 0.2142(3) | N(1)#1—Zn(1)—O(1W)#1 | 91.23(11) |
| Zn(1)—O(2W) | 0.2105(2) | O(2W)—Zn(1)—O(1W)#1 | 91.18(11) |
| Zn(1)—O(1W)#1 | 0.2105(2) | N(1)—Zn(1)—O(2W) | 88.63(10) |
a Symmetric code #1: -x+1, -y+1, -z+1. |
表3 锌配合物的氢键键长(nm)和键角(°)aTable 3 Hydrogen bond length (nm) and bond angle (°) of the zinc complex |
| D—H…A | Bond length (D—H)/nm | Bond length (H…A)/nm | Bond length (D…A)/nm | ∠DHA/(°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O(1W)—H(1WA)…O(1) | 0.085 | 0.220 | 0.2793(4) | 150.9 |
| O(1W)—H(1WB)…O(1)#4 | 0.085 | 0.197 | 0.2809(4) | 167.0 |
| O(2W)—H(2WA)…O(4)#4 | 0.085 | 0.196 | 0.2769(4) | 158.9 |
| O(2W)—H(2WB)…N(3)#5 | 0.085 | 0.205 | 0.2870(4) | 161.7 |
a Symmetric code #4: x, y, z-1; #5: x-1, y, z. |
1.2 锌配合物的红外光谱分析
1.3 锌配合物的X射线粉末衍射分析
1.4 锌配合物的氮气吸附-脱附测试
1.5 锌配合物的表面形貌分析
1.6 锌配合物的催化性能研究
表4 锌配合物的催化性能考察aTable 4 Study on the catalytic performance of the zinc complexa ![]() |
| Entry | R | LUMO/a.u. | Yield/% | m.p./℃ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Found | Reported | ||||
| 1 | H | -0.06291 | 92.5, 91.7, 90.8b | 219~222 | 219~222[22] |
| 2 | 2-NO2 | -0.10687 | 95.2 | 190~191 | 190~192[22] |
| 3 | 2-Cl | -0.07927 | 93.3 | 203~205 | 202~20422] |
| 4 | 2-Br | -0.07660 | 91.8 | 179~181 | 179~182[23] |
| 5 | 3-NO2 | -0.10429 | 94.7 | 201~203 | 200~203[24] |
| 6 | 3-Cl | -0.07463 | 92.1 | 184~186 | 186~187[22] |
| 7 | 3-Br | -0.07444 | 91.6 | 226~228 | 227~228[23] |
| 8 | 3-CH3 | -0.06000 | 88.1 | 204~206 | 204[23] |
| 9 | 3-CH3O | -0.05980 | 86.9 | 156~158 | 157~158[25] |
| 10 | 3-OH | -0.05253 | 86.2 | 224~226 | 223~225[22] |
| 11 | 4-NO2 | -0.11459 | 97.3 | 198~200 | 198~200[22] |
| 12 | 4-Cl | -0.07305 | 91.7 | 199~202 | 198~201[22] |
| 13 | 4-Br | -0.07019 | 90.8 | 194~197 | 195~197[22] |
| 14 | 4-CH3 | -0.05901 | 86.7 | 232~234 | 233~234[22] |
| 15 | 4-CH3O | -0.05166 | 85.9 | 189~191 | 188~190[22] |
| 16 | 4-OH | -0.05108 | 84.5 | 184 | 182[11] |
a Reaction conditions: aromatic aldehyde (5 mmol), o-aminobenzamide (5 mmol), zinc complex (0.05 mmol), water (1 mL), reaction time (15 min), room temperature. b Catalyst reused for three consecutive runs. Reaction conditions: benzaldehyde (15 mmol), o-aminobenzamide (15 mmol), zinc complex (0.15 mmol), water (3 mL), reaction time (15 min), room temperature. |
1.7 反应机理研究
1.7.1 基于密度泛函理论预测活性位点
表5 锌配合物部分原子的Mulliken电荷分布Table 5 Mulliken charge distribution of part atoms of the zinc complex |
| Atom | Charge | Atom | Charge |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zn | 0.696 | N1 | -0.310 |
| S | 1.245 | N2 | -0.156 |
| O1 | -0.520 | N3 | -0.180 |
| O2 | -0.525 | N4 | -0.171 |
| O3 | -0.243 | N5 | -0.170 |
| O4 | -0.072 | N6 | -0.276 |
