Iron-Catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation and Hydroboration/Hydrosilylation of CO2

doi:10.6023/cjoc202405032

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) serves as a sustainable carbon source for building biomass, fossil fuels, and organic chemicals. Converting CO₂ into value-added chemicals or fuels is an ideal approach to achieve carbon cycling. The reduction and conversion of CO₂, a pivotal aspect of C1 chemistry, have long been a subject of intense research interest. Previous studies have demonstrated that through transition metal catalysis, hydrogen, boranes, and silanes (E—H, E=H, B or Si) act as effective reducing agents to transform CO₂ into a range of C1 chemicals, such as formate, formaldehyde, and methanol. Over the past decade, research focus in this field has shifted towards utilizing cost-effective metals as catalysts for selective CO₂ reduction. A comprehensive review of homogeneous iron-catalyzed CO₂ reduction using E—H is presented, emphasizing reaction mechanisms and selectivity.

Key words: CO₂ reduction, hydrogenation, hydroboration/hydrosilylation, iron catalyst, selectivity

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Qiuting Zhao, Wenguang Wang. Iron-Catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation and Hydroboration/Hydrosilylation of CO₂[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2024, 44(10): 3106-3116.

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Fig. & Tab. 24

Scheme 1. General mechanism for the homogeneously catalyzed reduction of carbon dioxide[5]

Scheme 2. Hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed with [FeH(PP3)]BF4

Scheme 3. Postulated mechanism for the iron-catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon dioxide[19]

Scheme 4. Hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid catalyzed by iron

Scheme 5. Plausible mechanism for hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by complex 4[22]

Scheme 6. Plausible mechanism for hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed involving MLC[23]

Scheme 7. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formate by complex 7[24]

Scheme 8. (a) Proposed mechanism for (RPNP)Fe(H)CO/Li+catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation; (b) Proposed pathway for catalytic CO2 hydrogenation using (iPrPNMeP)Fe(H)CO(BH4)[25]

Scheme 9. Hydrogenation of CO2 to formamide catalyzed by (iPrPNMeP)Fe(H)CO(BH4)[27]

Scheme 10. Kn?lker’s Fe catalysts explored for hydrogenation of CO2

Scheme 11. Plausible mechanism for hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by complex 13[28]

Scheme 12. A carbon-neutral CO2 capture, conversion, and utilization cycle

Scheme 13. Hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol catalyzed by 17

Scheme 14. Amine-assisted CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Scheme 15. The stepwise reduction of CO2 by borane and silane

Scheme 16. Iron-catalyzed selective reduction of CO2 into bis(boryl)acetal BBABBN

Scheme 17. Iron-catalyzed selective reductive dimerization of CO2 into glycolaldehyde

Scheme 18. Iron-catalyzed selective reduction of CO2 into bis(boryl)acetal BBAMes

Scheme 19. Catalytic hydroboration of CO2 with complexes 20

Scheme 20. Catalytic CO2 reduction with complex 21

Scheme 21. N-Formylation of amines via iron-catalyzed hydroboration of CO2

Scheme 22. Iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of CO2 to formamides

Scheme 23. Iron nanoparticles catalyzed CO2 activation with organosilanes

Scheme 24. Iron-catalyzed selective N-methylation and N-form- ylation of amines with CO2

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铁催化二氧化碳选择性氢化、硼氢化和硅氢化

Iron-Catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation and Hydroboration/Hydrosilylation of CO₂

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Fig. & Tab. 24

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