Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Betulinic Acid-Triazole Hybrids as Novel Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors

doi:10.6023/cjoc202604010

Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 3123-3138.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202604010 Previous Articles Next Articles

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白桦脂酸-三氮唑杂化物作为新型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B抑制剂的合成与生物活性评价

张玉飞^a^,^b^,^†, 谭丽容^a^,^†, 钟月圆^a^,^†, 刘同征^a^,^*(), 王少华^b^,^*()

^a 暨南大学药学院广州 511436
^b 兰州大学药学院兰州 730000

收稿日期:2026-04-07 修回日期:2026-05-13 发布日期:2026-05-27
通讯作者: 刘同征, 王少华
作者简介:
^†共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFA1506404); 甘肃省科技计划(23ZDFA003); 甘肃省科技计划(23JRRA1028); 甘肃省科技计划(23ZDFA015); 甘肃省科技计划(24ZD13FA017); 兰州市科技计划(2023-QN-18); 兰州市科技计划(2023-1-17); 兰州市科技计划(2024-1-17)

Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Betulinic Acid-Triazole Hybrids as Novel Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors

Yufei Zhang^a^,^b, Lirong Tan^a, Yueyuan Zhong^a, Tongzheng Liu^a^,^*(), Shaohua Wang^b^,^*()

^a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436
^b School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000

Received:2026-04-07 Revised:2026-05-13 Published:2026-05-27
Contact: Tongzheng Liu, Shaohua Wang
About author:
^†These authors contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1506404); Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(23ZDFA003); Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(23JRRA1028); Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(23ZDFA015); Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(24ZD13FA017); Lanzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(2023-QN-18); Lanzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(2023-1-17); Lanzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(2024-1-17)

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Abstract

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling pathways and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inhibition of PTP1B enhances insulin sensitivity and offers a potential strategy for managing both diabetes and obesity. In this study, 35 betulinic acid (BA)-triazole hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their PTP1B inhibitory activities. All synthesized BA hybrids exhibited significantly higher PTP1B inhibitory activity than parent compound BA. Notably, (1R, 3aS, 5aR, 5bR, 9S, 11aR)-5a, 5b, 8, 8, 11a-pentamethyl-9-(2-((5-methyl-4-(((E)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetoxy)-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)icosahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid (BAT28) demonstrated the most potent activity, with an IC₅₀ value of (1.06±0.06) μmol/L. Kinetic analysis revealed that BAT28 acted as a mixed-type PTP1B inhibitor. CD spectra indicated that BAT28 bound to PTP1B and induced conformation changes in the enzyme. Molecular docking studies further confirmed that BAT28 interacted with the active site of PTP1B. In vivo experiments using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that BAT28 effectively reduced postprandial blood glucose levels in mice. Additionally, BAT28 exhibited favorable drug-like properties based on in silico predictions. These findings suggested that BAT28 represented a promising lead compound for the development of novel PTP1B inhibitors.

Key words: betulinic acid, triazole, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), inhibitor

Cite this article

Yufei Zhang, Lirong Tan, Yueyuan Zhong, Tongzheng Liu, Shaohua Wang. Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Betulinic Acid-Triazole Hybrids as Novel Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(8): 3123-3138.

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Compound	IC₅₀/(μmol•L^－1)	Compound	R	IC₅₀/(μmol•L^－1)
BAT1	2.41±0.18	BAT19		3.40±0.19
BAT2	2.56±0.14	BAT20		2.77±0.15
BAT3	2.08±0.12	BAT21		3.17±0.19
BAT4	1.87±0.08	BAT22		3.87±0.05
BAT5	4.25±0.23	BAT23		4.06±0.27
BAT6	4.46±0.19	BAT24		2.14±0.14
BAT7	1.86±0.11	BAT25		2.35±0.16
BAT8	3.05±0.23	BAT26		3.32±0.21
BAT9	2.20±0.09	BAT27		2.94±0.09
BAT10	5.01±0.10	BAT28		1.06±0.06
BAT11	1.84±0.05	BAT29		3.53±0.27
BAT12	1.97±0.09	BAT30		2.84±0.13
BAT13	3.13±0.20	BAT31		3.91±0.25
BAT14	3.17±0.22	BAT32		1.95±0.16
BAT15	1.87±0.13	BAT33		2.50±0.14
BAT16	1.91±0.13	BAT34		1.68±0.11
BAT17	2.94±0.17	BAT35		4.42±0.28
BAT18	1.21±0.06	BA	—	8.66 ± 0.81

Compound	IC₅₀/(μmol•L^－1)	Compound	R	IC₅₀/(μmol•L^－1)
BAT1	2.41±0.18	BAT19		3.40±0.19
BAT2	2.56±0.14	BAT20		2.77±0.15
BAT3	2.08±0.12	BAT21		3.17±0.19
BAT4	1.87±0.08	BAT22		3.87±0.05
BAT5	4.25±0.23	BAT23		4.06±0.27
BAT6	4.46±0.19	BAT24		2.14±0.14
BAT7	1.86±0.11	BAT25		2.35±0.16
BAT8	3.05±0.23	BAT26		3.32±0.21
BAT9	2.20±0.09	BAT27		2.94±0.09
BAT10	5.01±0.10	BAT28		1.06±0.06
BAT11	1.84±0.05	BAT29		3.53±0.27
BAT12	1.97±0.09	BAT30		2.84±0.13
BAT13	3.13±0.20	BAT31		3.91±0.25
BAT14	3.17±0.22	BAT32		1.95±0.16
BAT15	1.87±0.13	BAT33		2.50±0.14
BAT16	1.91±0.13	BAT34		1.68±0.11
BAT17	2.94±0.17	BAT35		4.42±0.28
BAT18	1.21±0.06	BA	—	8.66 ± 0.81

[PTP1B]∶[BAT28]	α-Helix/%	β-Sheet/%	β-Turn/%	Random coil/%
1∶0	47.2	9.4	15.5	30.3
1∶1	48.0	9.1	15.2	29.0
1∶2	51.1	8.1	15.0	28.8
1∶3	58.3	6.0	14.1	26.5

[PTP1B]∶[BAT28]	α-Helix/%	β-Sheet/%	β-Turn/%	Random coil/%
1∶0	47.2	9.4	15.5	30.3
1∶1	48.0	9.1	15.2	29.0
1∶2	51.1	8.1	15.0	28.8
1∶3	58.3	6.0	14.1	26.5

白桦脂酸-三氮唑杂化物作为新型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B抑制剂的合成与生物活性评价

Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Betulinic Acid-Triazole Hybrids as Novel Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors

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