Catalytic System for Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis: Opportunities and Challenges

doi:10.6023/cjoc202206051

Abstract

With the national plastic reduction order issued, the development of biodegradable materials such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has gradually become a hot topic. The different methods for synthesizing polylactic acid are discussed. Since the ring-opening polymerization of lactide has become the major method for preparing PLA, we focused on the catalyst design for the process, and clarified the related mechanisms. This short review may point out the direction for the design and development of low-toxicity and high-selectivity catalyst systems for application.

Key words: plastic reduction order, polylactic acid, biodegradable, catalysts, polymerization

Cite this article

Xiangkun Meng, Zhengyuan Qi, Lei Yu, Yiyang Zhang. Catalytic System for Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis: Opportunities and Challenges[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2023, 43(1): 112-119.

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Fig. & Tab. 13

Scheme 1. Synthetic method of poly(lactic acid)

Scheme 2. Possible mechanism for L-LA polycondensation catalyzed by ZnLA2/A-15

Scheme 3. Catalytic synthesis of PLA by biological creatinine

Entry	Catalyst	Conv./%	M_n^a	PDI^b
1	16	95	37900	1.10
2	19	100	14300	1.08
3	20	100	14400	1.07
4	21	66	95000	1.60
5	22	56	80600	1.70
6	23	60	86000	1.30
7	24	54	77700	1.30
8	25	92	26700	1.63
9	26	84	12200	1.23
10	27	94	27100	1.16
11	28	81	23300	1.09
12	29	95	27400	1.20
13	30	94	115200	1.40
14	31	91	105300	1.20
15	32	92	106400	1.18
16	33	99	29310	1.57
17	34	99	51910	1.52
18	Co₃O₄	94	144300	1.17
19	MnO₂	93	138100	1.19
20	35	95	62600	1.19
21	36	99	55300	1.10
22	37	98	85000	1.08
23	42	99	38700	1.40
24	43	99	7300	1.30
25	44	—	3300	1.25

Table 1. Type of catalyst

Scheme 4. The polymerization mechanism of stannous octoate

Scheme 5. Polymerization mechanism of aluminium isopro- poxide

Scheme 6. Polymerization mechanism of zinc alkoxide complex

Figure 1. Major metal complexes

Scheme 7. ROP of lactide catalysed by 25~27

Figure 2. Other metal complexes

Figure 3. Organocatalysts for ring-opening polymerization of lactide

Scheme 8. IHBD/HBA binary catalytic system

Figure 4. Three types of chiral ureas catalysts

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