Recent Advances in Functionalization of 6-Azauracils via Radical Reactions

doi:10.6023/cjoc202510017

Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1603-1620.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202510017 Previous Articles Next Articles

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自由基介导的6-氮杂尿嘧啶官能团化研究进展

郑婧斐^a, 吕琪妍^a^,^b^,^*(), 孙凯^a, 陈晓岚^a, 屈凌波^a^,^c, 王金泉^d^,^*(), 於兵^a^,^*()

^a 郑州大学化学学院中国郑州 450001
^b 南京林业大学林木生物质低碳高效利用国家工程研究中心林木生物质低碳高效利用国家工程研究中心中国南京 210037
^c 河南省科学院化学研究所中国郑州 450002
^d 新加坡科技研究局化学能源与环境可持续发展研究所化学能源与环境可持续发展研究所新加坡 627833

收稿日期:2025-10-23 修回日期:2025-12-05 发布日期:2026-01-23
通讯作者: 吕琪妍, 王金泉, 於兵
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22071222); 国家自然科学基金(22171249); 高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划); 高等学校学科创新引智计划(D20003); 河南省自然科学基金(242301420006); 河南省自然科学基金(252300421245); 河南省自然科学基金(242300420526); 中原科技创新青年拔尖人才计划资助项目.

Recent Advances in Functionalization of 6-Azauracils via Radical Reactions

Jingfei Zheng^a, Qiyan Lv^a^,^b^,^*(), Kai Sun^a, Xiaolan Chen^a, Lingbo Qu^a^,^c, Jinquan Wang^d^,^*(), Bing Yu^a^,^*()

^a College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
^b National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
^c Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
^d Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment (ISCE²) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 627833, Singapore

Received:2025-10-23 Revised:2025-12-05 Published:2026-01-23
Contact: Qiyan Lv, Jinquan Wang, Bing Yu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071222); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171249); Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111 Project); Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(D20003); Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242301420006); Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421245); Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420526); Zhongyuan Leading Young Talents in Scientific and Technological Innovation.

6-Azauracil, as a key analog of uracil, serves as a core structural motif in a variety of biologically active molecules. Therefore, the development of novel methods for its structural modification is of significant importance. In recent years, with the maturation of green and mild radical-based strategies, particularly photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, the radical functionalization of 6-azauracils has achieved notable progress. This review focuses on research advances since 2021 concerning the radical-mediated alkylation, arylation, acylation, silylation, and trifluoromethylation of 6-azauracils, with an emphasis on the design and mechanistic innovations of these new reaction methodologies.

Key words: 6-azauracils, radical reaction, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis

Cite this article

Jingfei Zheng, Qiyan Lv, Kai Sun, Xiaolan Chen, Lingbo Qu, Jinquan Wang, Bing Yu. Recent Advances in Functionalization of 6-Azauracils via Radical Reactions[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(4): 1603-1620.

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Fig. & Tab. 22

Scheme 1. Representative examples of 6-azauracil derivatives

Scheme 2. Synthesis of 6-azauracil derivatives

Scheme 3. Visible-light-induced C(sp2)—C(sp3) cross-dehydrogenative coupling

Scheme 4. Cobalt(II)-catalyzed C—H alkylation of N-heterocycles with 1,4-dihydropyridines

Scheme 5. Visible-light-induced oxyalkylation of 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-diones with ethers

Scheme 6. Photocatalytic alkylation of 6-azauracils with diacyl peroxides

Scheme 7. Photodecarboxylative C—H alkylation of 6-azauracils with N-(acyloxy)phthalimides

Scheme 8. Visible-light-induced perfluoroalkylation of 6-azauracils under metal and photocatalyst-free conditions

Scheme 9. Organophotoredox catalyzed direct C—H alkylation/α-aminoalkylation of 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-diones

Scheme 10. Electrochemical C—H alkylation of 6-azauracils with N-(acyloxy)phthalimide

Scheme 11. Visible-light-induced hydroalkylation of 6-azauracils

Scheme 12. Visible-light-promoted Minisci-type cyanoalkylation of 6-azauracils via C—C bond cleavage

Scheme 13. Visible-light-induced C—H cyanoalkylation of 6-azauracils with cycloketone oxime esters

Scheme 14. Visible light-promoted Ir(III)-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of 6-azauracils C-nucleosides

Scheme 15. Photoinduced arylation of 6-azauracils with arylthianthrenium salts via EDA complexes

Scheme 16. Photoinduced arylation of 6-azauracils via EDA complexes

Scheme 17. Photoinduced arylation of 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-diones with hydrazine

Scheme 18. Photocatalyzed direct acylation of 6-azauracils with aldehydes

Scheme 19. Minisci-type carbamoylation of 6-azauracils with oxamic acids

Scheme 20. Visible-light-driven trifluoroacetylation of 6-azauracils

Scheme 21. Visible-light-induced C—H silylation of 6-azauracils

Scheme 22. Photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of 6-azauracils

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自由基介导的6-氮杂尿嘧啶官能团化研究进展

Recent Advances in Functionalization of 6-Azauracils via Radical Reactions

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