聚集态分子排列对光电性能的影响

doi:10.6023/A21010029

化学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (5): 575-587.DOI: 10.6023/A21010029 上一篇下一篇

综述

聚集态分子排列对光电性能的影响

王金凤^a, 李振^a^,^b^,^c^,^*()

a 天津大学分子聚集态科学研究院天津 300072
b 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院武汉 430072
c 天津大学-新加坡国立大学福州联合学院福州 350207

投稿日期:2021-01-28 发布日期:2021-03-19
通讯作者: 李振

作者简介:

王金凤, 湖北黄冈人, 博士研究生, 天津大学工程师, 2019年于武汉大学获得理学博士学位, 主要从事染料敏化太阳能电池、室温磷光和力致发光相关研究.

李振, 湖北孝感人, 教授, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者, “科技部中青年科技创新领军人才计划”入选者, 国家“万人计划”入选者, 英国皇家化学会会士(Fellow of RSC). 1997年于武汉大学化学系获理学学士学位, 2002年于武汉大学化学学院获理学博士学位. 研究方向为有机、高分子光电功能材料化学. 研究对象主要为有机共轭体系和功能高分子, 研究范围涉及二阶非线性光学、有机室温磷光、力致发光、聚集诱导发光、传感器、太阳能电池、磁性纳米材料等.

基金资助:
项目受天津大学启动基金资助

Significant Influence of Molecular Packing in Aggregates on Optoelectronic Properties

Jinfeng Wang^a, Zhen Li^a^,^b^,^c^,^*()

a Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
b College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
c Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China

Received:2021-01-28 Published:2021-03-19
Contact: Zhen Li
About author:
*E-mail: lizhen@tju.edu.cn, lizhen@whu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Starting Foundation of Tianjin University

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摘要/Abstract

有机小分子材料是由许多分子构成的聚集体, 其性能既与单个分子的空间构型和电子特性有关, 更与聚集体中分子的排列方式和分子间相互作用密切相关. 在有机小分子材料中, 聚集体的性质并不是组成它的单分子行为的简单线性叠加, 而是经常呈现出聚集态的整体差异性响应特点, 即: 不同的聚集态分子排列引起截然不同的性能. 因此, 科学研究已逐渐由单分子研究迈向分子聚集态科学. 随着人们对分子聚集态科学的关注, 特别是对有机分子固态下的排列和堆积方式、分子间相互作用等方面的深入研究发现, 通过不同策略对分子聚集态行为的有效调控, 可以实现完全不同于单个分子特性的聚集态发光现象, 包括发光强度、颜色、形式以及激发过程的差异. 也可以通过分子聚集态的形貌和维度的调节, 实现不同光电器件性能的调节和优化. 本综述将分别介绍聚集态分子的排列方式对力致变色、室温磷光、力致发光和有机场效应晶体管等方面的重要影响, 进一步阐述聚集态分子行为的重要性, 同时, 为有效调控聚集态分子的排列方式, 有针对性地设计和开发优异性能的光电材料提供基础.

关键词: 分子排列, 力致变色, 室温磷光, 力致发光, 有机场效应晶体管

Organic materials based on small molecules are aggregates that composed of many molecules. Their properties are not only determined by the spatial configuration and electronic properties of individual molecule, but also closely related to the molecular packing modes and the intermolecular interactions in the aggregates. In the realm of organic molecules, the macroscopic performance of molecular aggregates is not just the simple superposition of single molecules, but often display overall differential response of aggregates, namely, distinct properties can be created by molecular uniting with particular packing modes. Therefore, molecular aggregation science has gradually appeared in scientific research and drawn much attention in recent years. With the continuous and serious exploration of molecular aggregation science, especially the in-depth study of the molecular packing modes and intermolecular interactions of organic molecules in the solid state, it is found that the luminescence based on aggregation state is completely different from the characteristics of individual molecule, including the emission intensity and color, emission type, and even the excitation process, which could be realized by regulating molecular aggregation behavior. In addition, the morphology and dimensions of the aggregates can also be adjusted to achieve excellent performances of optoelectronic devices. This review will introduce the important influence of the arrangement of aggregated molecules on mechanochromism, room temperature phosphorescence, mechanoluminescence and organic field effect transistors, and further elaborate the importance of the molecular packing, providing some guidance for regulating molecular packing mode and targeted design and development of high-performance optoelectronic materials.

Key words: molecular packing, mechanochromism, room temperature phosphorescence, mechanoluminescence, organic field effect transistor

引用此文

王金凤, 李振. 聚集态分子排列对光电性能的影响[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(5): 575-587.

Jinfeng Wang, Zhen Li. Significant Influence of Molecular Packing in Aggregates on Optoelectronic Properties[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(5): 575-587.

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图/表 13

图1. 化合物AnPh[26]和3a[27]的结构、力致变色现象和分子排列

Figure 1. The structure, mechanochromism phenomenon and molecular packing of AnPh[26] and 3a[27]

图2. 芘衍生物的分子结构和排列[29-30]

Figure 2. The structure and molecular packing of pyrene derivatives[29-30]

图3. (a) 烷基链长度对力致变色性能的影响[34]; (b) 烷基链长度对发光性能的影响[35]

Figure 3. (a) Influence of alkyl chain length on mechanochromic properties[34]; (b) influence of alkyl chain length on emission[35]

图4. 化合物BP2VA的分子结构、堆积模式以及不同聚集体的荧光发射[39]

Figure 4. The molecular structure, stacking mode and emission of different aggregates of compound BP2VA[39]

图5. PTZ-AQ[40] (a)和Py-BP-PTZ[41] (b)的分子结构、不同聚集体的荧光发射及堆积模式

Figure 5. The molecular structure, fluorescence emission of different aggregates and stacking modes of compound PTZ-AQ[40] (a) and Py-BP-PTZ[41] (b)

图6. (a~c)基于四(三)苯乙烯衍生物的同质多晶、分子排列和相应的力致发光性能[46,50,53]; (d) 三苯乙烯衍生物分子结构、排列和力致发光性能[54]

Figure 6. (a~c) Polymorphism, molecular packing and corresponding mechanoluminescence properties of tetra(tri)styrene derivatives[46,50,53]; (d) molecular structure, packing and mechanoluminescence properties of tristyrene derivatives[54]

图7. 吩噻嗪衍生物的分子排列和力致发光[55-56]

Figure 7. Molecular packing and mechanoluminescence properties of phenothiazine derivatives[55-56]

图8. (a) TPA-o-3COOMe的同质多晶形、分子排列及不同的发光性能[64]; (b) 咪唑衍生物的同质多晶形、分子排列及不同的力致发光性能[65]

Figure 8. (a) Polymorph, molecular packing and different luminescence properties of TPA-o-3COOMe[64]; (b) polymorphism, molecular packing and different mechanoluminescence properties of imidazole derivatives[65]

图9. (a) 化合物CzS-CN的同质多晶形的室温磷光和分子排列[85]; (b) 化合物CzS-o-py在酸刺激前后的室温磷光和分子排列[86]

Figure 9. (a) RTP properties and molecular packing of three polymorphism of compound CzS-CN[85]; (b) RTP properties and molecular packing of compound CzS-o-py before and after acid stimulation[86]

图10. 吩噻嗪衍生物的分子排列和室温磷光[88,90]

Figure 10. Molecular packing and RTP properties of phenothiazine derivatives[88,90]

图11. 有机半导体的常见分子堆积结构[85???-89]

Figure 11. Typical molecular packing motifs in organic semiconductors[85???-89]

图12. (a) 卤素对分子排列和OFET性能的影响[99]; (b~d) 烷基链长度对分子排列及OFET性能的影响[105-106]

Figure 12. The influence of halogen[99] (a) and alkyl chain length[105-106] (b~d) on molecular packing and OFET performance

图13. (a) 分子DABD[110]和(b) TT-TzTz-TT-1[111]的同质多晶形、分子排列及其OFET性能

Figure 13. Polymorphs, molecular packing and OFET properties of compound (a) DABD[110] and (b) TT-TzTz-TT-1[111]

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聚集态分子排列对光电性能的影响

Significant Influence of Molecular Packing in Aggregates on Optoelectronic Properties

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