单分子层分子晶体材料与器件的研究进展

doi:10.6023/A26050162

摘要/Abstract

自组装单分子层(self-assembled monolayers, SAMs)的构建,是实现20世纪70年代提出的分子器件核心构想的关键技术支撑. 早期分子器件的制备主要依赖于通过共价键与基板结合的SAMs,单分子层晶体管是其典型代表,但SAMs中存在的结构缺陷限制了器件性能的提升. 近年来,单分子层分子晶体(MMCs)在高性能光电器件领域展现出独特优势与应用潜力,当有机半导体厚度降至单层时,暴露的单分子层不仅为直接探究各类因素的影响提供了理想模型,如降低接触电阻、优化光响应特性与传感性能,更对揭示半导体层内在电荷传输机理具有关键意义. 本文系统综述了MMCs的发展历程,总结了其在光电器件领域的核心优势与典型应用场景,展望当前挑战与未来前景,旨在促进该领域的进一步研究与应用.

关键词: 自组装单分子层, 单分子层分子晶体, 有机场效应晶体管, 光电器件, 传感器

The construction of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) serves as a crucial technical underpinning for realizing the core concept of molecular devices proposed in the 1970s. Early fabrication of molecular devices relied primarily on SAMs bonded to substrates via covalent linkages, with monolayer transistors being their typical representative. Nevertheless, random molecular disorder, grain boundaries and structural defects intrinsically generated during self-assembly introduce abundant interfacial charge traps, severely suppressing carrier hopping transport and greatly restricting the improvement of carrier mobility, photoelectric responsiveness and overall device performance. In recent years, monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) have demonstrated excellent charge transport properties due to their combination of the ultra-thin thickness characteristic of SAMs and the long-range ordered molecular arrangement typical of single crystals. They have gradually emerged as highly attractive building blocks for constructing optoelectronic devices and studying the physics of charge transport, exhibiting significant structural advantages and broad application prospects in various types of high-performance optoelectronic devices. When organic semiconductors are precisely thinned down to monolayer thickness, their atomically flat exposed surfaces can act as an ideal research platform to intuitively evaluate the practical effects of multiple optimization strategies, including contact resistance reduction, photoresponse modulation, and gas sensing sensitivity improvement. This structural feature provides a crucial research carrier to deeply decipher the microscopic intrinsic charge transport mechanism inside organic semiconductors, helping researchers gain fundamental molecular-scale insights into carrier migration, trapping and recombination behaviors. This paper systematically reviews the evolutionary development of MMCs, summarizes their core structural and optoelectronic merits and typical application scenarios in high-performance organic devices, and comprehensively analyzes the intrinsic material limitations and environmental stability challenges that severely restrict their practical utilization. Corresponding targeted future research directions are also proposed, which are expected to provide valuable theoretical references and technical guidance, and further facilitate the in-depth exploration and scalable industrialized applications of high-performance monolayer molecular electronic materials.

Key words: self-assembled monolayers, monolayer molecular crystals, organic field-effect transistors, optoelectronic devices, sensor

引用此文

樊艳伟, 江浪. 单分子层分子晶体材料与器件的研究进展[J]. 化学学报, doi: 10.6023/A26050162.

Fan Yanwei, Jiang Lang. Research Progress of Monolayer Molecular Crystal Materials and Devices[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, doi: 10.6023/A26050162.

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