基于有机电解液的锂空气电池研究进展

doi:10.6023/A13101081

摘要/Abstract

随着化石燃料的逐渐消耗和城市环境污染的日益严重，纯电动和混合动力汽车的开发使用越来越受到人们的重视. 受到锂离子电池能量密度的限制，目前电动汽车的连续行驶距离仍远低于内燃机动力汽车. 作为新一代电动车供能设备，基于有机电解液的锂空气电池由于结构相对简单，理论能量密度极高，成本低廉，已成为学术界的研究热点. 本文从反应机理、电解液、空气电极以及金属锂负极等四个方面入手，详细介绍了近年来锂空气电池的重要研究进展以及在基础研究方面存在的科学问题，指出了该体系面临的挑战和今后的重要研究方向.

关键词: 锂空气电池, 反应机理, 电解液, 空气电极, 催化剂

With the gradual depletion of fossil fuels and the increasingly serious urban environmental pollution, the development of pure electric vehicles (PEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has gained more and more attention. The electric vehicles of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries have been able to drive for more than 140 km per charge, however, it is still far behind the 700 km range of a gasoline-powered vehicle. Due to its environmental friendship, low cost and the high theoretical energy density, which is 5～8 times as much as that of Li-ion batteries and comparable to gasoline vehicles, the lithium-air batteries have become the research hotspot of academia. The Li-air battery based on organic electrolyte has a relatively simple structure, and usually consists of a lithium metal anode, liquid organic electrolyte and a porous carbon or carbon-supported with catalyst air electrode, which is similar to Li-ion batteries, except that the air electrode is exposed to air. 2O₂ and carbon. In summary, the research and development of the Li-air batteries are still at its initial stages and great efforts should be spent. Based on this, the authors focused on the review of scientific problems of Li-air batteries in basic research, and pointed out the challenges and development direction of this system.

Key words: Li-air batteries, reaction mechanisms, electrolyte, air electrode, catalyst

引用此文

蒋颉, 刘晓飞, 赵世勇, 何平, 周豪慎. 基于有机电解液的锂空气电池研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2014, 72(4): 417-426.

Jiang Jie, Liu Xiaofei, Zhao Shiyong, He Ping, Zhou Haoshen. Research Progress of Organic Electrolyte Based Lithium-Air Batteries[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2014, 72(4): 417-426.

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