有机电极材料在非水系金属镁二次电池中的研究进展

doi:10.6023/A22090385

化学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 80 ›› Issue (12): 1618-1628.DOI: 10.6023/A22090385 上一篇下一篇

综述

有机电极材料在非水系金属镁二次电池中的研究进展

薛晓兰^a, 张洋^a, 石美瑜^a, 李天琳^a, 黄天龙^a, 戚继球^a, 委福祥^a, 隋艳伟^a^,^*(), 金钟^b^,^*()

^a中国矿业大学材料与物理学院徐州 221116
^b南京大学化学化工学院介观化学教育部重点实验室高性能高分子材料与技术教育部重点实验室江苏省先进有机材料重点实验室南京 210023

投稿日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2022-10-27
通讯作者: 隋艳伟, 金钟

作者简介:

薛晓兰, 2015年于陕西师范大学化学化工学院获学士学位, 2020年于南京大学化学化工学院获博士学位. 2020年被聘为中国矿业大学材料与物理学院讲师. 主要研究方向为新型多价态金属离子电池电极材料的设计合成及储能机制研究.

隋艳伟, 2003年于哈尔滨理工大学获学士学位, 2009年于哈尔滨工业大学获博士学位. 2009年被聘为中国矿业大学材料与物理学院讲师, 2016年于新西兰奥克兰大学进行访学, 2020年被聘为中国矿业大学材料与物理学院教授. 主要从事新能源材料与器件和合金材料及功能化方面的研究.

金钟, 2003年于北京大学化学与分子工程学院获学士学位, 2008年于北京大学化学与分子工程学院获博士学位. 2008年和2010年分别于美国莱斯大学和麻省理工学院进行博士后研究. 2014年被聘为南京大学化学化工学院教授. 主要从事清洁能源转换/存储材料及器件和新型纳米材料性质调控与光电功能器件方面的研究.

基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20210518); 江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20221113); 江苏省双创博士(JSSCBS20211233); 中央高校基本科研业务费(2021QN1106); 中央高校基本科研业务费(020514380266); 中央高校基本科研业务费(020514380272); 中央高校基本科研业务费(020514380274); 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0208200); 国家自然科学基金项目(22022505); 国家自然科学基金项目(21872069); 江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BK20220008); 南京市国际联合研发项目(202201007); 南京市国际联合研发项目(2022SX00000955); 苏州市(吴江区)姑苏科技创新创业领军人才计划项目(ZXL2021273)

Recent Progress on Organic Electrode Materials for Nonaqueous Magnesium Secondary Batteries

Xiaolan Xue^a, Yang Zhang^a, Meiyu Shi^a, Tianlin Li^a, Tianlong Huang^a, Jiqiu Qi^a, Fuxiang Wei^a, Yanwei Sui^a(), Zhong Jin^b()

^aSchool of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
^bKey Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2022-09-05 Published:2022-10-27
Contact: Yanwei Sui, Zhong Jin
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210518); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221113); Shuangchuang Program of Jiangsu Province(JSSCBS20211233); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021QN1106); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020514380266); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020514380272); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020514380274); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0208200); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022505); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21872069); Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Fund for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(BK20220008); Nanjing International Collaboration Research Program(202201007); Nanjing International Collaboration Research Program(2022SX00000955); Suzhou Gusu Leading Talent Program of Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Wujiang District(ZXL2021273)

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摘要/Abstract

由于镁资源储量丰富、成本低廉, 且金属镁具有理论体积比容量高(3833 mAh/cm³), 沉积/溶解过程中不易形成枝晶等优点, 金属镁二次电池受到了研究者的广泛关注. 然而, Mg²⁺较大的极性导致其在多数锂离子电池正极材料中无法实现可逆脱嵌. 主流无机电极材料普遍存在只能在较小电流密度下循环、动力学缓慢、制备工艺复杂等问题. 相较而言, 有机电极材料具有理论比容量高、结构多样易调控、资源丰富、环境友好、受离子半径和电荷影响小等优点, 被认为是一种有潜力的电极材料. 综述了近年来用于非水系镁二次电池有机正极材料的研究进展, 讨论了不同类型有机正极材料的电荷存储机制及电化学性能, 并总结了其面临的挑战、解决策略以及未来的发展方向.

关键词: 镁二次电池, 体积比容量, 正极材料, 有机电极材料, 氧化还原机制

Nonaqueous magnesium secondary batteries have attracted tremendous attention owing to their natural abundance, low cost, high theoretical volumetric specific capacities of 3833 mAh/cm³, and free of dendrite formation. However, the high polarity of Mg²⁺ ion results in the strong electrostatic interaction between Mg²⁺ ions and the anions of cathode materials, which makes it difficult to realize reversible insertion and de-insertion of Mg²⁺ ion in most cathode materials used in lithium ion batteries. At present, the research of cathode materials for magnesium secondary batteries is mainly focused on inorganic compounds. Unfortunately, such cathode materials suffer from problems of working at low current density, slow reaction kinetics, and complicated synthesis process. In comparison, organic electrode materials have been recognized as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage systems because organic materials composed of naturally abundant chemical elements of C, H, O, N, S, etc., can be easily synthesized from renewable resources with low-cost at mild conditions. More importantly, organic materials with chemical diversity and structural flexibility can be purposefully synthesized. What’s more, the capacity, oxidation/reduction potentials, solubility, electron transfer rates, and mechanical properties can be regulated by introducing various groups or heteroatoms. Furthermore, compared to inorganic electrode materials with sluggish kinetics, organic electrode materials usually store ions through ion coordination mechanism, which is not limited by the type and size of ions and can be applied to different energy storage systems such as lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, potassium ion batteries, multivalent-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. Herein, the recent progress of various organic- based materials for nonaqueous magnesium secondary batteries is summarized and the general redox mechanism is presented. Finally, the problems and challenges, resolution strategies and future development directions of organic electrode materials are briefly summarized and discussed.

Key words: magnesium secondary battery, theoretical volumetric specific capacity, cathode material, organic electrode material, redox mechanism

引用此文

薛晓兰, 张洋, 石美瑜, 李天琳, 黄天龙, 戚继球, 委福祥, 隋艳伟, 金钟. 有机电极材料在非水系金属镁二次电池中的研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2022, 80(12): 1618-1628.

Xiaolan Xue, Yang Zhang, Meiyu Shi, Tianlin Li, Tianlong Huang, Jiqiu Qi, Fuxiang Wei, Yanwei Sui, Zhong Jin. Recent Progress on Organic Electrode Materials for Nonaqueous Magnesium Secondary Batteries[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2022, 80(12): 1618-1628.

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图/表 8

图1. 三种有机电极材料的氧化还原反应: (a) p-型, (b) n-型, (c) 双极性. M+代表阳离子, A?代表阴离子

Figure 1. The redox reaction mechanism of three types of organic electrode materials: (a) p-type, (b) n-type, (c) bipolar. M+ and A? stand for cations and anions, respectively

图2. (a) DMcT、PDTDA和CSM三种有机硫化物的分子结构; (b) DMcT-PAn, (c) PDTDA和(d) CSM-PAn三种电极材料在25 mA/g电流密度下的循环性能, (b)和(d)图所用电解液为0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl2BuEt)2/THF, (c)中所用电解液为0.25 mol/L MgAlCl3Bu2/THF[27]

Figure 2. (a) The structures of DMcT, PDTDA and CSM, the cycling performance of (b) DMcT-PAn in the electrolyte of 0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl2BuEt)2/THF, (c) PDTDA in the electrolyte of 0.25 mol/L MgAlCl3Bu2/THF, and (d) CSM-PAn in the electrolyte of 0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl2BuEt)2/THF at a current density of 25 mA/g. Reproduced with permission[27]. Copyright ? 2007 Elsevier

图3. (a) PTMA分子结构, (b) PTMA/石墨烯复合物在22.8 mA/g电流密度下的充放电曲线, (c) 循环性能, 电解液为0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl2EtBu)2/THF[30]. (d) PTMA/Mg电池示意图, (e) PTMA/Mg电池充放电曲线[31]

Figure 3. (a) The structure of PTMA, (b) the galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles, and (c) cycling performance of PTMA/GO at a current density of 22.8 mA/g in the electrolyte of 0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl2EtBu)2/THF. Reproduced with permission[30]. Copyright ? 2013 Chinese Chemical Society. (d) The schematic diagram of PTMA/Mg cell and (e) charge and discharge profiles of PTMA/Mg cell. Reproduced with permission[31]. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society

图4. (a) PAQS, 14PAQ, 26PAQ的分子结构, (b) 26PAQ在0.5 C时的循环性能, (c) 14PAQ在0.5 C时的循环性能[40]. (d) 14PAQ在Mg(TFSI)2-2MgCl2中的充放电曲线[41]. (e) PHBQS的合成过程, (f) PHBQS在50 mA/g时的循环性能[42]. (g) PTO的储镁机制示意图, (h) 电池结构示意图, (i) PTO的倍率性能, (j) PTO在5 C时的循环性能[44]

Figure 4. (a) The structures of PAQS, 14PAQ and 26PAQ, the cycling performance of (b) 26PAQ and (c) 14PAQ at 0.5 C. Reproduced with permission[40]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (d) The charge/discharge profiles of 14PAQ in the electrolyte of Mg(TFSI)2-2MgCl2. Reproduced with permission[41]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. (e) The synthetic process of PHBQS and (f) the cycling performance of PHBQS at 50 mA/g. Reproduced with permission[42]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. (g) The magnesium storage mechanism of PTO, (h) illustration of PTO/Mg battery, (i) rate performance of PTO, and (j) cycling performance of PTO at 5 C. Reproduced with permission[44]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature

图5. (a) PMDA、NTCDA和PTCDA的分子结构, (b) PMDA在50 mA/g时的循环性能; (c) NTCDA在50 mA/g时的循环性能; (d) PTCDA在50 mA/g时的循环性能[47]

Figure 5. (a) The structures of PMDA, NTCDA and PTCDA, the cycling performance of (b) PMDA, (c) NTCDA and (d) PTCDA at a current density of 50 mA/g. Reproduced with permission[47]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

图6. (a) NP的储镁机制示意图, (b) 不同电解液中NP在50 mA/g时的循环性能, (c) 不同电解液中NP在50 mA/g时的充放电曲线[48]. (d) PI@CNT合成示意图, (e) PI@CNT在1 C时循环性能[49]. (f) PI1/CNTs在不同电流密度下的循环性能, (g) PI2/CNTs在不同电流密度下的循环性能[50]

Figure 6. (a) The magnesium storage mechanism of NP, (b) the cycling performance and (c) charge/discharge profiles of NP at a current density of 50 mA/g in different electrolyte. Reproduced with permission[48]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (d) The synthesis and (e) cycling performance at 1 C of PI@CNT. Reproduced with permission[49]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. The cycling performance of (f) PI1/CNTs and (g) PI2/CNTs at different current densities. Reproduced with permission[50]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

图7. (a) P(NDI2OD-T2)的充放电曲线, (b) P(NDI2OD-T2)的倍率性能, (c) P(NDI2OD-T2)在300 mA/g时的循环性能[51]. (d) PAQI-N14、PAQI-N26和PAQI-P26的分子结构, (e) PAQI-N26和(f) PAQI-P26在500 mA/g时的循环性能[52]

Figure 7. (a) The discharge/charge profiles, (b) rate performance, and (c) cycling performance of P(NDI2OD-T2) at a current density of 300 mA/g. Reproduced with permission[51]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. (d) The structures of PAQI-N14, PAQI-N26 and PAQI-P26, the cycling performance of (e) PAQI-N26 and (f) PAQI-P26 at a current density of 500 mA/g. Reproduced with permission[52]. Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry

图8. (a) PHATN合成示意图, (b) PHATN在20 mA/g时的充放电曲线, (c) PHATN在20 mA/g时的循环性能[55]. (d) 多孔蜂窝状COF分子结构, (e) 多孔蜂窝状COF在0.5 C时的循环性能[56]. (f) HATN-HHTP分子结构, (g) HATN-HHTP@CNT的倍率性能[57]

Figure 8. (a) The synthesis of PHATN, (b) the discharge/charge profiles and (c) cycling performance of PHATN at a current density of 20 mA/g. Reproduced with permission[55]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (d) The structure of porous COF and (e) the cycling performance of porous COF at 0.5 C. Reproduced with permission[56]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (f) The structure of HATN-HHTP, (g) rate performance of HATN-HHTP@CNT. Reproduced with permission[57]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier

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有机电极材料在非水系金属镁二次电池中的研究进展

Recent Progress on Organic Electrode Materials for Nonaqueous Magnesium Secondary Batteries

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