关键词: 环化反应, 邻亚甲基苯醌, 化学选择性, 非对映选择性, 螺环化合物

Due to their structural rigidity, spirocyclic compounds have attracted considerable attention from chemists. Among them, five-membered lactam-based spirocyclohexadiene belongs to an important spiro-skeleton, which is found in many bioactive molecules. However, the strategy to construct this class of spiro-skeletons is very limited. Meanwhile, it is challenging to achieve good control over the diastereoselectivity when constructing spirocyclic frameworks with adjacent stereocenters. To solve these challenging issues, in this work, a Pd-catalyzed regioselective [2＋3] annulation of o-quinone methides with vinyloxazolidines was established, constructing five-membered lactam-based spirocyclohexadiene skeletons with adjacent quaternary carbon centers in moderate to good yields (49% to 98%) with excellent diastereoselectivities (all >95∶5 dr). After establishing the optimal reaction condition, we evaluated the substrate scope of vinyloxazolidine and o-quinone methides in the [2＋3] annulation. In general, all tested substrates exhibit good reaction efficiency to generate lactam-based spirocyclohexadienes in moderate to excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. The successful one-mmol-scale reaction and downstream transformation demonstrated the potential synthetic applications of this transformation. Furthermore, preliminary studies on the catalytic asymmetric [2＋3] cyclization reaction demonstrate that the catalytic system of Pd-chiral phosphine ligand could achieve some extent of enantiocontrol of the transformation. This transformation not only expands the application of o-quinone methides as two-atom synthons in annulation reactions but also provides a novel strategy for the efficient and highly diastereoselective construction of five-membered lactam-based spirocyclohexadiene architectures. The general procedure of the [2＋3] annulation is as follows: To an oven-dried Schlenk-tube, vinyloxazolidine (30.9 mg, 0.1 mmol), o-quinone methide (30.7 mg, 0.12 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (9.1 mg, 0.01 mmol), PPh3 (2.6 mg, 0.01 mmol) and dichloroethane (DCE, 1.0 mL) were added under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 16 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated by vacuum, purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate) to yield pure products.

Key words: annulation, o-quinone methides, chemoselectivity, diastereoselectivity, spiro-compound