Asymmetric C—H Functionalization of Indoles via Enantioselective Protonation

doi:10.6023/A12100821

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2012, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (24): 2484-2488.DOI: 10.6023/A12100821 Previous Articles Next Articles

Article

通过对映选择性质子化实现吲哚的不对称C—H官能团化反应研究

邱晃, 张丹, 刘顺英, 邱林, 周俊, 钱宇, 翟昌伟, 胡文浩

华东师范大学上海市分子治疗与新药创制工程技术研究中心上海 200062

投稿日期:2012-10-25 发布日期:2012-11-29
通讯作者: 胡文浩 E-mail:whu@chem.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金(Nos. 20932003, 21125209)和中国科技部“973”计划(No. 2011CB808600)资助.

Asymmetric C—H Functionalization of Indoles via Enantioselective Protonation

Qiu Huang, Zhang Dan, Liu Shunying, Qiu Lin, Zhou Jun, Qian Yu, Zhai Changwei, Hu Wenhao

Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062

Received:2012-10-25 Published:2012-11-29
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20932003 and 21125209) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2011CB808600).

1. Asymmetric C—H Functionalization of Indoles via Enantioselective Protonation.PDF(7362KB)

Abstract

Asymmetric C—H functionalization of indoles from Rh₂(OAc)₄ and chiral phosphoric acid co-catalyzed reactions of aryl diazoacetates with indoles has been investigated. Through mechanistic study regarding to the proton transfer pathway of the C—H functionalization of indoles, a new strategy to achieve the asymmetric C—H functionalization of indoles from metal carbenoids via enantioselective protonation has been proposed. We initially carried out a deuterium isotope experiments in order to obtain more insight into the proton transfer process of the C—H functionalization of indoles, and the experiments indicated an “indirect proton transfer” in the reaction. A proton-transfer shuttle such as H₂O was needed to complete the reaction. The observation provides us an opportunity to design a chiral proton-transfer shuttle to achieve the asymmetric C—H functionalization. In this paper, Rh₂(OAc)₄ catalyzed diazo decomposition of a aryl diazoacetate generates a metal carbenoid. Reaction of the metal carbenoid with an indole at C-3 position generates a zwitterionic intermediate. A bifunctional chiral phosphoric acid serves as a chiral proton shuttle and helps the proton transfer process via an enantioselective protonation to finish the reaction in high yield and enantioselectivity. A number of indoles including N-alkyl, aryl , silyl and a number of α-aryl-α-diazoesters are well tolerated under the established catalytic conditions, providing good to high enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) in excellent yield (up to 99% yield). A representative procedure for the enantioselective C—H functionalization of indoles is as following: A mixture of 6-chloro-N-methyl indole (1e) (41 mg, 0.25 mmol), transition metal catalyst Rh₂(OAc)₄ (1 mg, 0.0025 mmol, 1 mol%), chiral phosphoric acid co-catalyst (R)-4j (3.8 mg, 0.005 mmol, 2 mol%) and 4? MS (100 mg) in 1 mL of toluene was stirred at the 0 ℃. Methyl phenyldiazo acetate (2a) (53 mg, 0.3 mmol) in 1 mL of toluene was added over 1 h period of time via a syringe pump. After completion of the addition, the reaction was stirred for additional 5 min at the same temperature. Solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give corresponding crude product. The crude product was purified by flask chromatography on silica gel (eluent: EtOAc/light petroleum ether, V∶V＝1∶40～1∶10) to give the pure product 3q in 92% yield with 94% ee.

Key words: C—H functionalization, cooperative catalysis, indoles, enantioselective protonation

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Qiu Huang, Zhang Dan, Liu Shunying, Qiu Lin, Zhou Jun, Qian Yu, Zhai Changwei, Hu Wenhao. Asymmetric C—H Functionalization of Indoles via Enantioselective Protonation[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2012, 70(24): 2484-2488.

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通过对映选择性质子化实现吲哚的不对称C—H官能团化反应研究

Asymmetric C—H Functionalization of Indoles via Enantioselective Protonation

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