Recent Progress on Chemical Species of Uranium in Molten Chlorides

doi:10.6023/A21070341

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (12): 1425-1437.DOI: 10.6023/A21070341 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

氯化物熔盐体系中铀的化学种态研究进展

刘毅川^a^,^b, 刘雅兰^b, 姜仕林^b, 李梅^a^,^*(), 石伟群^b^,^*()

a 哈尔滨工程大学材料科学与化学工程学院哈尔滨 150001
b 中国科学院高能物理研究所北京 100049

投稿日期:2021-07-23 发布日期:2021-09-13
通讯作者: 李梅, 石伟群

作者简介:

刘毅川,哈尔滨工程大学博士研究生,主要从事熔盐中锕系镧系化学研究.

刘雅兰, 中国科学院高能物理研究所副研究员, 研究方向为锕系镧系熔盐化学, 多年来致力于氧化物乏燃料干法后处理领域, 聚焦于锕-镧分离研究. 首先开展了锕、镧系氧化物在熔盐中的溶解及其电化学行为研究, 随后在固态活性铝阴极上进行了锕-镧的电化学分离, 并采用原位光谱技术监测了分离过程中锕、镧元素的化学种态变化, 发现了铀的循环电解并将其消除, 提高了电流效率. 最终成功实现了锕-镧元素的有效分离, 与传统的液态Cd阴极相比将分离因子提高了两个数量级. 在此基础上, 进一步总结了锕、镧氧化物在氯化物熔盐中的溶解规律, 提出了利用其溶解性差异实现一步分离的新方法. 基于相关工作,在电化学领域与核能领域著名期刊Electrochim. Acta, J. Electrochem. Soc., Electrochem. Commun.和J. Nucl. Mater.等上共发表论文40余篇, 其中第一作者及通讯作者论文20篇.

姜仕林, 中国科学院高能物理研究所博士研究生, 主要从事锕系镧系熔盐电化学研究.

李梅, 哈尔滨工程大学教授, 国家自然科学基金通讯评审专家, 教育部学位与研究生教育评估专家. Electrochimica Acta, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Journal of Nuclear Materials, ACS inoganic Chemistry, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering等国际期刊审稿人. 近来年发表SCI检索论文60余篇, 其中以第一/通讯作者在Electrochimica Acta, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Journal of Nuclear Materials, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, RSC Advances等期刊上发表SCI收录论文40余篇. 申请专利12项, 获授权发明专利6项, 获省部级二等奖1项.

石伟群, 中国科学院高能物理研究所研究员, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者, 长期致力于核燃料循环化学与锕系元素化学相关基础研究, 在JACS, Angew. Chem., Chem, CCS Chem., Nat. Commun, Adv. Mater., Environ. Sci. Technol.等国际知名期刊发表SCI论文200余篇, 成果被国内外同行广泛关注和引用, 文章总引8000余次, H因子46 (Google Scholar). 分别担任英文期刊Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology和Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology的编委与国际顾问编委, 中文期刊《核化学与放射化学》编委. 现为中国化学会核化学与放射化学专业委员会委员、中国核学会锕系物理与化学分会副理事长、中国有色金属学会熔盐化学与技术专业委员会副主任委员、中国核学会核化工分会理事兼副秘书长.

基金资助:
国家杰出青年科学基金(21925603); 国家自然科学基金重大项目(21790373); 国家自然科学基金(U20B2020)

Recent Progress on Chemical Species of Uranium in Molten Chlorides

Yichuan Liu^a^,^b, Yalan Liu^b, Shilin Jiang^b, Mei Li^a(), Weiqun Shi^b()

a College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
b Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-07-23 Published:2021-09-13
Contact: Mei Li, Weiqun Shi
Supported by:
National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(21925603); Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21790373); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B2020)

High-temperature molten salt electrolysis based pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel has certain advantages for advanced nuclear fuel cycle, which is usually carried out in a high-temperature chloride molten salt system, and actinides (Ans) are recovered and separated over lanthanides (Lns) via electrolysis in molten salt. Among them, the separation and recovery of uranium from fission products (FPs) is one of the key tasks. To optimize the separation process, it is necessary to deeply understand the relationship between electrochemical properties and chemical species of uranium in molten salt. Hence, it is very important to carry out the study of the chemical species of uranium in molten chlorides. In this review, the research progresses on chemical species of uranium in molten chlorides have been summarized and sorted. In addition, future perspectives upon actinide chemical species in molten salt have been given.

Key words: pyrochemical reprocessing, molten salt, chemical species, uranium

Cite this article

Yichuan Liu, Yalan Liu, Shilin Jiang, Mei Li, Weiqun Shi. Recent Progress on Chemical Species of Uranium in Molten Chlorides[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(12): 1425-1437.

Export EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 12

References 62

[1]	Glatz, J. P.; Malmbeck, R.; Souček, P.; Claux, B.; Meier, R.; Ougier, M.; Murakami, T. Molten Salts Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013, pp. 541-560.
[2]	Inoue, T.; Koch, L. Nucl. Eng. Technol. 2008, 40, 183. doi: 10.5516/NET.2008.40.3.183
[3]	Hoover, R. O.; Shaltry, M. R.; Martin, S.; Sridharan, K.; Phongikaroon, S. J. Nucl. Mater. 2014, 452, 389. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.05.057
[4]	Salanne, M.; Simon, C.; Turq, P.; Madden, P. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 1177. doi: 10.1021/jp075299n
[5]	Masset, P.; Bottomley, D.; Konings, R.; Malmbeck, R.; Rodrigues, A.; Serp, J.; Glatz, J.-P. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, A1109. doi: 10.1149/1.1901083
[6]	Shirai, O.; Iwai, T.; Suzuki, Y.; Sakamura, Y.; Tanaka, H. J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271, 685.
[7]	Yin, T.; Liu, K.; Liu, Y.; Yan, Y.; Wang, G.; Chai, Z.; Shi, W. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018, 165, D722. doi: 10.1149/2.0571814jes
[8]	Yang, D. W.; Liu, Y. L.; Yin, T. Q.; Jiang, S. L.; Zhong, Y. K.; Wang, L.; Li, M.; Chai, Z. F.; Shi, W. Q. Electrochim. Acta 2020, 353, 136449. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136449
[9]	Salanne, M.; Simon, C.; Turq, P.; Ohtori, N.; Madden, P. A. Molten Salts Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013, pp. 1-16.
[10]	Li, X.; Song, J.; Shi, S.; Yan, L.; Zhang, Z.; Jiang, T.; Peng, S. J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 121, 571. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10193
[11]	Kwon, C.; Kang, J.; Han, B. Int. J. Energ. Res. 2016, 40, 1381. doi: 10.1002/er.v40.10
[12]	Dai, S.; Toth, L. M.; Del Cul, G. D.; Metcalf, D. H. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 220. doi: 10.1021/jp952100a
[13]	Polovov, I. B.; Volkovich, V. A.; Charnock, J. M.; Kralj, B.; Lewin, R. G.; Kinoshita, H.; May, I.; Sharrad, C. A. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 7474. doi: 10.1021/ic701415z pmid: 18665589
[14]	Volkovich, V. A.; Bhatt, A. I.; May, I.; Griffiths, T. R.; Thied, R. C. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2014, 39, 595.
[15]	Nagai, T.; Uehara, A.; Fujii, T.; Shirai, O.; Sato, N.; Yamana, H. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2005, 42, 1025. doi: 10.1080/18811248.2005.9711055
[16]	May, I. ECS Proceedings Volumes, 2004, 2004-24, 814.
[17]	Volkovich, V. A.; May, I.; Griffiths, T. R.; Charnock, J. M.; Bhatt, A. I.; Lewin, B. J. Nucl. Mater. 2005, 344, 100. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.04.024
[18]	Volkovich, V. A.; Aleksandrov, D. E.; Vasin, B. D.; Khabibullin, T. K.; Polovov, I. B.; Griffiths, T. R. ECS Trans. 2009, 16, 325.
[19]	Nagai, T.; Fujii, T.; Shirai, O.; Yamana, H. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2004, 41, 690. doi: 10.1080/18811248.2004.9715534
[20]	Fujii, T.; Moriyama, H.; Yamana, H. J. Alloys Compd. 2003, 351, L6. doi: 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)01081-2
[21]	Fujii, T.; Nagai, T.; Sato, N.; Shirai, O.; Yamana, H. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 393, L1. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.10.013
[22]	Fujii, T.; Nagai, T.; Uehara, A.; Yamana, H. J. Alloys Compd. 2007, 441, L10. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.09.113
[23]	Kim, T. J.; Jeong, Y. K.; Kang, J. G.; Jung, Y.; Ahn, D. H.; Lee, H. S. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2010, 286, 283. doi: 10.1007/s10967-010-0651-0
[24]	Volkovich, V. A.; Polovov, I. B.; Vasin, B. D.; Griffiths, T. R.; Sharrad, C. A.; May, I.; Charnock, J. M. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 2007, 62, 671. doi: 10.1515/zna-2007-10-1116
[25]	Fujii, T.; Uda, T.; Iwadate, Y.; Nagai, T.; Uehara, A.; Yamana, H. J. Nucl. Mater. 2013, 440, 575. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.04.010
[26]	Preetz, W.; Ruf, D.; Tensfeldt, D. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 1984, 39, 1100. doi: 10.1515/znb-1984-0820
[27]	Kwon, C.; Kang, J.; Kang, W.; Kwak, D.; Han, B. Electrochim. Acta 2016, 195, 216. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.123
[28]	Till, C.; Chang, Y.; Hannum, W. Prog. Nucl. Energ. 1997, 31, 3. doi: 10.1016/0149-1970(96)00001-7
[29]	Karell, E. J.; Gourishankar, K. V.; Smith, J. L.; Chow, L. S.; Redey, L. Nucl. Technol. 2001, 136, 342. doi: 10.13182/NT136-342
[30]	Simpson, M. F. Developments of spent nuclear fuel pyroprocessing technology at Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), 2012.
[31]	Gruen, D.; McBeth, R. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1959, 9, 290. doi: 10.1016/0022-1902(59)80233-5
[32]	Wenz, D. A.; Adams, M. D.; Steunenberg, R. K. Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 989. doi: 10.1021/ic50017a014
[33]	Adams, M.; Wenz, D.; Steunenberg, R. J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 1939. doi: 10.1021/j100803a518
[34]	Li, B.; Dai, S.; Jiang, D. E. ACS Appl. Energ. Mater. 2019, 2, 2122.
[35]	Li, B.; Dai, S.; Jiang, D. E. J. Mol. Liq. 2020, 299, 112184. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112184
[36]	Wu, F.; Roy, S.; Ivanov, A. S.; Gill, S. K.; Topsakal, M.; Dooryhee, E.; Abeykoon, M.; Kwon, G.; Gallington, L. C.; Halstenberg, P.; Layne, B.; Ishii, Y.; Mahurin, S. M.; Dai, S.; Bryantsev, V. S.; Margulis, C. J. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 7603. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02845
[37]	Okamoto, Y.; Kobayashi, F.; Ogawa, T. J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271, 355.
[38]	Okamoto, Y.; Madden, P. A.; Minato, K. J. Nucl. Mater. 2005, 344, 109. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.04.026
[39]	Okamoto, Y.; Akabori, M.; Itoh, A.; Ogawa, T. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2014, 39, 638.
[40]	In ACTINIDES 2009, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 9, Eds.: Rao, L.; Tobin, J. G.; Shuh, D. K., IOP publishing, Bristol, 2010, p. 012050.
[41]	Fujii, T.; Uehara, A.; Nagai, T.; Kim, T.-J.; Sato, N.; Sakamura, Y.; Yamana, H. Electrochemistry 2009, 77, 667. doi: 10.5796/electrochemistry.77.667
[42]	Nagai, T.; Uehara, A.; Fujii, T.; Sato, N.; Yamana, H. J. Nucl. Mater. 2011, 414, 226. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.03.048
[43]	Nagai, T.; Uehara, A.; Fujii, T.; Yamana, H. J. Nucl. Mater. 2013, 439, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.03.078
[44]	Fujii, T. KURRI Progress Report 2016, 2015(APRIL 2015-MARCH 2016), 24.
[45]	Choi, E. Y.; Jeon, M. K.; Hur, J.-M. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2017, 314, 207. doi: 10.1007/s10967-017-5404-x
[46]	Choi, E. Y.; Lee, J. J. Nucl. Mater. 2017, 494, 439. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.07.036
[47]	Choi, E. Y.; Lee, J.; Heo, D. H.; Lee, S. K.; Jeon, M. K.; Hong, S. S.; Kim, S. W.; Kang, H. W.; Jeon, S. C.; Hur, J. M. J. Nucl. Mater. 2017, 489, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.03.035
[48]	Cho, Y. H.; Bae, S. E.; Kim, D. H.; Park, T. H.; Kim, J. Y.; Song, K.; Yeon, J. W. Microchem. J. 2015, 122, 33. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.04.001
[49]	Park, Y. J.; Bae, S. E.; Cho, Y. H.; Kim, J. Y.; Song, K. Microchem. J. 2011, 99, 170. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.04.013
[50]	Cho, Y. H.; Bae, S. E.; Park, Y. J.; Oh, S. Y.; Kim, J. Y.; Song, K. Microchem. J. 2012, 102, 18. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.05.006
[51]	Volkovich, V. A.; Griffiths, T. R.; Fray, D. J.; Thied, R. C. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2000, 2, 3871. doi: 10.1039/b004464o
[52]	Bhatt, A. I.; du Fou de Kerdaniel, E.; Kinoshita, H.; Livens, F. R.; May, I.; Polovov, I. B.; Sharrad, C. A.; Volkovich, V. A.; Charnock, J. M.; Lewin, R. G. Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 2. doi: 10.1021/ic048617v
[53]	Volkovich, V.; Aleksandrov, D.; Maltsev, D.; Vasin, B.; Polovov, I.; Griffiths, T. Molten Salts Chemistry and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2014, pp. 507-520.
[54]	Volkovich, V. A.; Aleksandrov, D. E.; Griffiths, T. R.; Vasin, B. D.; Khabibullin, T. K.; Maltsev, D. S. Pure Appl. Chem. 2010, 82, 1701. doi: 10.1351/PAC-CON-09-09-30
[55]	Volkovich, V. A.; Aleksandrov, D. E.; Vasin, B. D.; Maltsev, D. S.; Griffiths, T. R. ECS Trans. 2010, 33, 371.
[56]	Polovov, I. B.; Sharrad, C. A.; May, I.; Vasin, B. D.; Volkovich, V. A.; Griffiths, T. R. ECS Trans. 2007, 3, 503. doi: 10.1149/1.2798693
[57]	Jiang, T.; Wang, N.; Peng, S.; Yan, L. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 2015, 31, 281. doi: 10.1007/s40242-015-4331-z
[58]	Liu, Y. L.; Yuan, L. Y.; Zheng, L. R.; Wang, L.; Yao, B. L.; Chai, Z. F.; Shi, W. Q. Electrochem. Commun. 2019, 103, 55. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.009
[59]	Song, J.; Shi, S.; Li, X.; Yan, L. J. Mol. Liq. 2017, 234, 279. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.03.099
[60]	Liu, Y. L.; Luo, L. X.; Liu, N.; Yao, B. L.; Liu, K.; Yuan, L. Y.; Chai, Z. F.; Shi, W. Q. J. Nucl. Mater. 2018, 508, 63. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.034
[61]	Liu, Y. C.; Liu, Y. L.; Wang L.; Zhong Y. K.; Li M.; Han W.; Zhao Y.; Zhou T.; Zou Q.; Zeng X.; Shi W. Q. J. Nucl. Mater. 2020, 542, 152475. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152475
[62]	Liu Y. C.; Liu Y. L.; Zhao Y.; Liu Z.; Zhou T.; Zou Q.; Zeng X.; Zhong Y. K.; Li M.; Sun Z. X.; Shi W. Q. J. Nucl. Mater. 2020, 532, 152049. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152049

铀离子价态	吸收波长/nm	摩尔消光系数/ (L•mol^-1•cm^-1)
U³⁺	480	1260
U³⁺	570	963
U⁴⁺	455	8.87
	605	4.88
	670	6.47
UO₂⁺	395	832
	775	15.9
	620	12.5
UO₂²⁺	450	57.2

铀离子价态	吸收波长/nm	摩尔消光系数/ (L•mol^-1•cm^-1)
U³⁺	480	1260
U³⁺	570	963
U⁴⁺	455	8.87
	605	4.88
	670	6.47
UO₂⁺	395	832
	775	15.9
	620	12.5
UO₂²⁺	450	57.2

熔盐组成(物质的量比)	E(U⁴⁺/U³⁺)/mV	E(U³⁺/U⁰)/mV
LiCl	–131	–1477
LiCl-SrCl₂([Li]∶[Sr]=88.9∶11.1)	–131	–1478
CsCl	–97.5	–1137
CsCl-SrCl₂([Cs]∶[Sr]=78.6∶21.4)	–107	–1077

熔盐组成(物质的量比)	E(U⁴⁺/U³⁺)/mV	E(U³⁺/U⁰)/mV
LiCl	–131	–1477
LiCl-SrCl₂([Li]∶[Sr]=88.9∶11.1)	–131	–1478
CsCl	–97.5	–1137
CsCl-SrCl₂([Cs]∶[Sr]=78.6∶21.4)	–107	–1077

离子类型	跃迁轨道	吸收带/cm^-1	跃迁类型
U⁴⁺	5f²-5f¹6d¹	>25000	—
	5f²-5f²	22000~20000	¹I₆ ← ³H₄
		18000	³P₁ ← ³H₄
		16500~14900	¹G₄, ¹D₂, ³P₀←³H₄
		13000~10500	³H₆ ← ³H₄
		8600	³F₃, ³F₄ ← ³H₄
		7500~5500	³H₅ ← ³H₄
U³⁺	5f³-5f²6d¹	25000~14000	—
	5f³-5f³	13300	⁴G_7/2 ←⁴I_9/2
		11500~11200	⁴G_5/2, ⁴S_3/2, ⁴I_15/2, ⁴F_7/2 ←⁴I_9/2
		9800~9400	²H_9/2, ⁴F_5/2 ←⁴I_9/2
		8250	⁴I_13/2←⁴I_9/2

氯化物熔盐体系中铀的化学种态研究进展

Recent Progress on Chemical Species of Uranium in Molten Chlorides

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 12

References 62

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

熔盐	还原剂	还原产物
3LiCl-2KCl	真空(0.665 Pa)	UO₂Cl₄^3-、UO₂
NaCl-KCl
NaCl-2CsCl
3LiCl-2KCl	真空(0.665 Pa) Zr吸气剂
NaCl-KCl
NaCl-2CsCl
NaCl-2CsCl	Pd
	Te
	Ag
LiCl	Mo
3LiCl-2KCl
NaCl-KCl
NaCl-2CsCl
3LiCl-2KCl	H₂
NaCl-KCl
NaCl-2CsCl
3LiCl-2KCl	Nb	UO₂Cl₄^3-、UCl₆^2-、UO₂、UCl₆^3-
NaCl-KCl		UO₂Cl₄^3-、UCl₆^2-、UO₂、UCl₆^3-
NaCl-2CsCl		UO₂Cl₄^3-、UCl₆^2-、UO₂
3LiCl-2KCl	Zr	UO₂Cl₄^3-、UCl₆^2-、UO₂
NaCl-KCl
NaCl-2CsCl
LiCl-BeCl₂	BeCl₂ (HCl or Cl₂气氛)	UCl₆^2-

[1]	Yizhi Han, Jianhui Lan, Xue Liu, Weiqun Shi. Advances in Molecular Dynamics Studies of Molten Salts Based on Machine Learning [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(11): 1663-1672.
[2]	Yilong Hua, Donghan Li, Tianhang Gu, Wei Wang, Ruofan Li, Jianping Yang, Wei-xian Zhang. Enrichment of Uranium from Aqueous Solutions with Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron: Surface Chemistry and Application Prospect [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(8): 1008-1022.
[3]	Li Zhangnan, Sha Haoyan, Yang Nan, Yuan Ye, Zhu Guangshan. Phosphoric Acid Based Porous Aromatic Framework for Uranium Extraction [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2019, 77(5): 469-474.
[4]	Chen Haijun, Huang Shuyi, Zhang Zhibin, Liu Yunhai, Wang Xiangke. Synthesis of Functional Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Composites for the Application of Radioactive Uranium Enrichment from Environment: A Review [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2017, 75(6): 560-574.
[5]	Chen Fangyuan, Qu Ning, Wu Qunyan, Zhang Hongxing, Shi Weiqun, Pan Qingjiang. Structures and Uranium-Uranium Multiple Bond of Binuclear Divalent Uranium Complex of Pyrrolic Schiff-base Macrocycle: a Relativistic DFT Probe [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2017, 75(5): 457-463.
[6]	Yue Guozong, Gao Rui, Zhao Pengxiang, Chu Mingfu, Shuai Maobing. Trivalent Uranium Complex in Small Molecules Activation [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2016, 74(8): 657-663.
[7]	Zhao Siwei, Zhong Yuxi, Guo Yuanru, Zhang Hongxing, Pan Qingjiang. A Relativistic DFT Study of Mixed Oxo-Imido Uranium Complexes of Polypyrrolic Macrocycle: Structure, Vibrational Spectrum and Oxo/Imido Exchange Reaction [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2016, 74(8): 683-688.
[8]	Zuo Xiaoxi, Li Qi, Liu Jiansheng, Xiao Xin, Fan Chengjie, Nan Junmin. Preparation and Performances of Room Molten Salt as Electrolyte in Carbon-carbon Capacitor Based on LiPF₆ and Trifluoroacetamide [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2012, 70(04): 367-371.
[9]	Zhu Fayan, Fang Chunhui, Fang Yan, Zhou Yongquan, Xu Sha, Tao Song, Cao Lingdi. Structure of Aqueous Potassium Tetraborate Solutions [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2012, 0(04): 445-452.
[10]	WAN Qin-Fang, REN Ya-Min, WANG Liang, JIANG Hai-Zhou, DENG Da-Chao, BAI Yun, XIA Chuan-Qin. Phytoremediation for Soil Contaminated by Uranium [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2011, 69(15): 1780-1788.
[11]	JI Mei-Zhen, LIN Gao-Jiang, XU Zuo-Long. Purification of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Oxygen Oxidation in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2010, 68(05): 413-417.
[12]	LIU Wen-Ke*; LONG Xing-Gui; PENG Shu-Ming; WANG Wei-Du; YANG Ben-Fu; CAO Xiao-Hua; CHENG Gui-Jun. Measurement of Tritium Residual in Uranium Bed [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2007, 65(8): 699-704.
[13]	XU Jin-Qiang, YANG Jun*, NULI Yan-Na, ZHANG Wan-Bin. Study of Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Secondary Lithium Batteries [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2005, 63(18): 1733-1738.
[14]	LIU Han-Xing, SUN Xiao-Qin, XIAO Jing, CHENG Zhi-Zheng, ZHOU Jian, OUYANG Shi-Xi. Study on Tabular SrTiO₃ Processed by Molten Salt Synthesis Method [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2004, 62(3): 324-327.
[15]	WANG Gui-Hua, WEI Yong-Ge, SHU Gui-Ming, ZHANG Li-Dan, GUO Hong-You, WANG Ping. Solid State Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Reflectance Spectra of K₂Ge₄Se₈ [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2004, 62(2): 165-169.