3-氨基-4-氰基呋咱含能衍生物的合成研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202411017

摘要/Abstract

呋咱(1,2,5-噁二唑)是一种含能化合物的基本结构单元, 呋咱含能衍生物已成为含能材料领域的研究热点之一. 3-氨基-4-氰基呋咱作为一种典型的呋咱中间体, 在富氮含能化合物的合成中占据了重要地位. 3-氨基-4-氰基呋咱分子中的氰基和氨基具有独特的反应活性, 可设计、合成多种性能优异的含能衍生物. 系统综述了通过3-氨基-4-氰基呋咱反应构建多种含能化合物的策略, 根据环的个数和连接方式对这些化合物进行了分类, 介绍了代表性含能化合物的物化和爆轰性能, 并对其发展前景进行了展望.

关键词: 3-氨基-4-氰基呋咱, 含能化合物, 合成, 爆轰性能, 研究进展

Furazan (1,2,5-oxadiazole) is a basic structural unit of energetic compounds, and furazan based energetic derivatives have become one of the research hotspots in the field of energetic materials. 3-Amino-4-cyanofurazan, as a typical intermediate of furazan, plays an important role in the syntheses of nitrogen-rich energetic compounds. The cyano and amino groups in 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan molecules have unique reactivity and can be used to design and synthesize various high- performance energetic derivatives. This article systematically reviews the strategies for constructing various energetic compounds through reactions starting from 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan. These compounds are classified based on the number of rings and connection modes, and the physicochemical and detonation properties of representative energetic compounds are introduced. The development prospects of these compounds are also discussed.

Key words: 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan, energetic compounds, synthesis, detonation performance, research progress

引用此文

桑梁, 李冬雪, 陆明, 许元刚. 3-氨基-4-氰基呋咱含能衍生物的合成研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2025, 45(7): 2283-2312.

Liang Sang, Dongxue Li, Ming Lu, Yuangang Xu. Advances in the Synthesis of Energetic Derivatives Based on 3-Amino-4-cyanofurazan[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(7): 2283-2312.

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参考文献 77

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Compd.	ρ^a/(g•cm^－3)	ΔH_f^b/(kJ•mol^－1)	D^c/(m•s^－1)	P^d/GPa	T_d^e/℃	IS^f/J	FS^g/N	OB^h/%
5	1.88	135.8	8900	35.7	58	8	240	＋3.7
6 (M^＋=NH₃OH^＋)	1.932 (1.930)	62.1	9646ⁱ	43.0ⁱ	175	8	64	－5.3
RDX	1.806	86.3	8795	34.9	204	7.4	120	－21.6
HMX	1.904	116.1	9144	39.2	280	7.4	120	－21.6

Compd.	ρ^a/(g•cm^－3)	ΔH_f^b/(kJ•mol^－1)	D^c/(m•s^－1)	P^d/GPa	T_d^e/℃	IS^f/J	FS^g/N	OB^h/%
5	1.88	135.8	8900	35.7	58	8	240	＋3.7
6 (M^＋=NH₃OH^＋)	1.932 (1.930)	62.1	9646ⁱ	43.0ⁱ	175	8	64	－5.3
RDX	1.806	86.3	8795	34.9	204	7.4	120	－21.6
HMX	1.904	116.1	9144	39.2	280	7.4	120	－21.6

Compd.	ρ^a/(g•cm^－3)	ΔH_f^b/(kJ•mol^－1)	D^c/(m•s^－1)	P^d/GPa	T_d^e/℃	IS^f/J	FS^g/N
13-2N₂H₅^＋	1.83	616.1	9045	34.9	208.8	>40	>360
13-2NH₃OH^＋	1.850	327.3	9135	36.6	196.9	36	360
14	1.863	499.9	9152	37.1	191.2	23	300
15	1.908	451.4	9087	38.1	168.0	8	220
16	1.932	649.0	9355	40.1	91.8	3	120
RDX	1.806	86.3	8795	34.9	204	7.4	120
HMX	1.904	116.1	9144	39.2	280	7.4	120

Compd.	ρ^a/(g•cm^－3)	ΔH_f^b/(kJ•mol^－1)	D^c/(m•s^－1)	P^d/GPa	T_d^e/℃	IS^f/J	FS^g/N
13-2N₂H₅^＋	1.83	616.1	9045	34.9	208.8	>40	>360
13-2NH₃OH^＋	1.850	327.3	9135	36.6	196.9	36	360
14	1.863	499.9	9152	37.1	191.2	23	300
15	1.908	451.4	9087	38.1	168.0	8	220
16	1.932	649.0	9355	40.1	91.8	3	120
RDX	1.806	86.3	8795	34.9	204	7.4	120
HMX	1.904	116.1	9144	39.2	280	7.4	120

Compd.	ρ^a/(g•cm^－3)	ΔH_f^b/(kJ•mol^－1)	D^c/(m•s^－1)	P^d/GPa	T_d^e/℃	IS^f/J	FS^g/N
20	1.67 (calculated)	415.4	8258	27.8	224	—	—
21	1.790	441.1	8601	30.0	197	37	>360
21-NH₃OH^＋	1.803	454.8	9100	33.4	213	>50	>360
22-2NH₃OH^＋	1.84	398.9	9323	38.3	204	14	160
22-2N₂H₅^＋	1.72	631.1	9094	32.1	254	18	240
RDX	1.806	86.3	8795	34.9	204	7.4	120
HMX	1.904	116.1	9144	39.2	280	7.4	120