有机化学 ›› 2004, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 1228-1232. 上一篇    下一篇

研究论文

1,3-偶极环加成反应合成1-(取代苄基)-1,2,3-三唑类化合物

扈艳红*,a, 刘世领b, 仝钦宇a, 黄发荣a, 沈永嘉b, 齐会民a, 杜磊a   

  1. a华东理工大学材料科学与工程学院 上海 200237;
    b华东理工大学精细化工研究所 上海 200237
  • 收稿日期:2003-10-21 修回日期:2003-02-23 接受日期:2004-04-19 发布日期:2022-09-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家安全重大基础研究973 (No. 5131101)、国家高技术研究发展计划863 (No. 2002AA35103)和武器装备预研基金(No. 51412020103QT311)资助项目.

Synthesis of 1-(Substituted benzyl)-1,2,3-triazoles by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction

HU Yan-Hong*,a, LIU Shi-Lingb, TONG Qin-Yua, HUANG Fa-Ronga, SHEN Yong-Jiab, QI Hui-Mina, DU Leia   

  1. aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237;
    bInstitute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237
  • Received:2003-10-21 Revised:2003-02-23 Accepted:2004-04-19 Published:2022-09-20
  • Contact: * E-mail: fhuanglab@ecust.edu.cn; Fax: 021-64253031.

利用苄氯和取代苄氯与叠氮化钠的亲核取代反应合成了一系列苯环上带有不同取代基团的苄基叠氮化合物,亲核取代反应速率受苯环上取代基的影响:吸电子基团的存在,可以促使反应更容易进行.合成的叠氮化合物与苯乙炔经1,3-偶极环加成反应得到了相应的取代苄基1,2,3-三唑类化合物,反应条件温和.这些1,2,3-三唑类目标化合物具有对热稳定的优点.用红外、核磁、元素分析、质谱等对合成的叠氮化合物和1,2,3-三唑类化合物的结构进行了表征,重点研究了1,3-环加成反应的规律.加成反应速率取决于叠氮化合物(偶极物)的极性,即与取代基的电负性有关:苯乙炔(亲偶极物)易于与缺电子的叠氮反应,反之亦然.同时在反应过程中观察到空间位阻效应:反应可以生成两种同分异构体,其中4-苯基-1,2,3-三唑是主要产物.

关键词: 叠氮, 芳基乙炔, 1,2,3-三唑化合物, 1,3-偶极环加成

Benzyl azide, 4-methyl-benzyl azide, 4-cyano-benzyl azide, 4-fluoro-benzyl azide and 1,1'-bi-azidomethyl-4,4'-biphenyl were prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of NaN3 with substituted benzyl chlorides. The reaction rate was affected by the substitution groups at the phenyl ring, and electron-withdrawing groups could accelerate the rate. And 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the azides with phenylacetylene wasstudied. The corresponding compounds (azides and 1,2,3-triazoles) were characterized with NMR, FT-IR and elementary analysis. The 1,2,3-triazoles were thermal stable. The addition rate depended onthe substitution groups of the azides (1,3-dipole), and the reactivities correlated with polar effects: phenyacetylene (dipolarophile) reacted faster with electron-poor azides and vice versa. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction wasfound to be regioselective, and the 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazoles were the major products in the two structural isomers of 1,2,3-triazoles obtained.

Key words: azide, phenylacetylene, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction