手性螺旋聚合物的合成和结构控制

doi:10.6023/cjoc202305003

摘要/Abstract

随着近些年研究的投入, 越来越多的手性螺旋聚合物被合成出来并应用于手性分离和光电材料等领域, 螺旋聚合物根据螺旋翻转壁垒的大小可以分为静态螺旋聚合物和动态螺旋聚合物. 主要聚焦于手性聚异氰酸酯、手性聚异腈和手性聚乙炔三类手性螺旋聚合物的合成和结构控制, 介绍手性单体聚合、螺旋选择性聚合、手性诱导和手性放大等几种手性螺旋聚合物的合成方法, 同时也介绍了构象调控、聚合诱导自组装等光学活性螺旋聚合物的合成方法.

关键词: 光学活性螺旋聚合物, 手性单体聚合, 螺旋选择性聚合, 手性诱导, 手性放大

Many researches have been done on artificial chiral helical polymers whose helical senses are excess because of their wide applications such as enantiomeric separation, photoelectric functional materials, and so on. Synthetic optically active helical polymers can be generally divided into static helical polymers and dynamic helical polymers on the basis of whether the helix inversion barriers are high or low. Among the three different kinds of helical polymers, polyisocyanates, polyisocyanides and polyacetylenes were mainly discussed in this review. And this review mainly focuses on the methods such as polymerization of chiral monomer, helix-sense-selective polymerization, chirality induction, chiral amplification, cis-cisoid to cis-transoid, polymerization-induced chiral self-assembly etc.

Key words: optically active helical polymer, polymerization of chiral monomer, helix-sense-selective polymerization, chirality induction, chiral amplification

引用此文

王倩, 刘雨奇, 吴宗铨. 手性螺旋聚合物的合成和结构控制[J]. 有机化学, 2023, 43(12): 4141-4146.

Qian Wang, Yuqi Liu, Zongquan Wu. Synthesis and Structure Control of Chiral Helical Polymers[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2023, 43(12): 4141-4146.

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图/表 4

图1. 自然界中的手性物质

Figure 1. Chiral materials in nature

图2. 手性PPA-g-PHIC接枝共聚物的立体化学信息在纳米尺度上从螺旋侧链到螺旋主链的传递

Figure 2. Transmission of stereochemical information from helical side chain to helical main chain on nanometer scale in chiral PPA-g-PHIC graft copolymer. Reproduced with permission.[17] Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society

图3. 已报道的异腈聚合的催化剂

Figure 3. Reported catalysts for isocyanide polymerization. Reproduced with permission[18] (a) Copyright (2021) American Chemical Society; (b) copyright (2022) Royal Society of Chemistry

图4. 由“螺旋选择性聚合”与“手性放大”两种方法相结合形成的手性凝胶

Figure 4. Chiral gels formed by “helix-sense-selective polymerization” combining with “chiral amplification” Reproduced with permission.[47] Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society.

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